Effect of the of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Nepal 4 years after introduction: an observational cohort study

Evaluation of Acute and Convalescent Antibody Concentration Against Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides for the Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Infection in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

“…We have previously shown that NP carriage of serotype 1 or 5 pneumococci may enrich this cohort for pneumococcal pneumonia. 6 Despite this, the small number of children with definite or probable pneumococcal pneumonia limited our study power, particularly in children <2 years of age. In addition, we sampled convalescent serum at a median 47 days, while other studies sampled convalescent serum at 3–4 weeks 3 or 2–5 weeks, 4 following admission.…”

“…Serotyping of pneumococci used the Quellung method (Statens Serum Institut, Denmark). 6 Convalescent sampling for serum of recruited children was done in 6–8 weeks following admission.…”

“…In children hospitalized with pneumonia in this setting, 73% and 78% of invasive pneumococcal disease isolates were of serotypes covered by 10-valent PCV during 2005–2013 before 10-valent PCV introduction, 5 and NP carriage of any pneumococci was 36% and of pneumococcal serotypes within 10-valent PCV was 14% during 2014–2015. 6 …”

Pneumococcal colonization and severity of pneumonia in hospitalized Cambodian children following introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

“…Five years after introduction of PCV10 in Ethiopia, children who had received at least two doses of vaccine were less likely to be colonized by pneumococci (adjusted OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.92), and the dominant colonizers were the vaccine-related serotypes 6A and 19A plus non-vaccine serotype 16F [22] . In Nepal, colonization by vaccine serotypes decreased by 82% in children with clinical pneumonia aged <2 years in the 4 years following PCV10 introduction [23] .…”

Prevention of pneumococcal diseases: the challenge remains

“…3 Although an impact of vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease has been observed in young children (particularly those younger than 2 years, even after many years of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation) the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes with antibiotic resistance has become a new global threat to the control and prevention of pneumococcal diseases. 3,4 In The Lancet Global Health, Shrijana Shrestha and colleagues 5 present much needed data on the effect of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in Nepal. There is a paucity of such vaccine impact data from low-income and middle-income countries.…”