Effect of the overheating of the gallium melt on its supercooling during solidification

Александров, В. Д.; Frolova, S. A.

doi:10.1134/s0036029514010042

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, due to its high surface tension, solid Ga crystal embryos are retained when the heating temperature is not significantly higher than the melting point. [48,49] These embryos act as nucleation agents for heterogeneous crystallization. After heating in an oven (60 °C) for less than 1 h, Ga solidified at 7 °C (in refrig erator), indicating that its supercooling effect was markedly reduced.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors have been exten sively studied for water and polymers, [37][38][39][40][41] as well as for Ga and Gabased alloys. [42][43][44][45] Important factors affecting super cooling are the nucleating agents, [46,47] thermal history, [48][49][50] size effect, [35,39] and mechanical impact. [41,51] The supercooling range of SLGa can be suppressed by adding nucleation agents such as metals or their oxide nanoparticles, [43] and increased by…”

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confidence: 99%

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Supercooled Liquid Ga Stretchable Electronics

Wang

Maslik

Hellman

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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By controlling the properties of its medium, supercooled liquid Ga (SLGa) based stretchable remains stretchable at −22 °C, i.e., 52 °C below its thermodynamic melting point of Ga. Thus far, our oldest deposited SLGa circuit and film have remained liquids for 2 years at room temperature. The study investigates the crystallization of SLGa triggered by the surface energy of nucleation agents, temperature, circuit cross-section, and mechanical impact. Based on these parameters, a method is presented to integrate electronic components with SLGa circuits without compromising its supercooling effect. Further, the large stiffness variation induced by phase transition is demonstrated in different applications. For the desired stiffness variation, the crystallization rate can be controlled by varying the temperature and cross-section area. Finally, spray-printing an ink of microscale SLGa microscale particles can conformally pattern Ga on a rough surface, e.g., to fabricate a stretchable array of SLGa microelectrodes. A smart patch with stretchable SLGa electrode arrays records human electrocardiogram signals in cold water and does not stain the skin after use. Its low and stable impedance in water will enable novel applications in wearable electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Supercooled Liquid Ga Stretchable Electronics

Wang

Maslik

Hellman

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Physically, supercooling is induced by an energy barrier that must be overcome to complete the liquid-solid phase transition. Early research done on the supercooling of metals was mainly for structural alloys, soldering alloys, and Ga. [21][22][23] Researchers have identified multiple factors that affect the supercooling of metal droplets: alloy composition, 24 impurity, 25,26 size effect, 27,28 carrier fluid or matrix, 29 oxide film or surface coating, 23 cooling rate, overheating, 30 and pressure. 31 For LM composites, there is still very little research done on their supercooling behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%