Effect of the primary heat treatment on the bond formation in cold welding of aluminum and steel by cold forging

Groche, Peter; Wohletz, Simon; Erbe, Andreas; Altin, Abdulrahman

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.12.021

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…According to former investigations carried out by the authors [4,13], the steel billets have been soft annealed at 690 °C for one hour and the aluminum billets are processed in the artificially aged state (T6). Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demanding tribological contact conditions in cold forging processes can be utilized to establish a metallurgical weld between two or more deformable workpieces. As reported in [3] and [4] this processing technology combines the advantages of cold forging and multi-material design even if the hardly weldable workpiece material steel is utilized. Wagener and Haats [5] presented a cost-saving utilization of corrosion resistant material by welding titanium and an aluminum alloy during cup extrusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Influence on Bond Formation in Multi-material Joining by Forging

Wohletz

Groche

2014

Procedia Engineering

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Cold welding, e.g. by cold forging, is a smart manufacturing technology, enabling novel multi material designs. A combination of steel and aluminum is particularly attractive for manufacturing multi-material products but challenging to handle in a pressure welding process. Forging at elevated temperatures could provide promising benefits to overcome limitations in cold welding with regard to process design and bond formation. The transition from cold to warm forging effects the covering layer and the bulk properties. The paper at hand focusses on the effect of temperature increase on bond strength and bond formation on the microscopic scale.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Influence on Bond Formation in Multi-material Joining by Forging

Wohletz

Groche

2014

Procedia Engineering

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“…Hybrid bulk metal parts are currently mainly produced by joining different materials either during or after the forming process. Suitable processes for joining by forming in bulk metal forming are for example compound forging [2], impact extrusion [3] or co-extrusion [4].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to tailored forming

Behrens

Uhe

2021

Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.

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In recent years, the requirements for technical components have been increasing steadily. This development is intensified by the desire for products with lower weight, smaller size and extended functionality, but at the same time higher resistance against specific loads. Mono-material components manufactured according to established processes reach their limits regarding conflicting requirements. It is, for example, hardly possible to combine excellent mechanical properties with lightweight construction using mono-materials. Thus, a significant increase in production quality, lightweight design, functionality and efficiency can only be reached by combining different materials in one component. The superior aim of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1153 is to develop novel process chains for the production of hybrid solid components. In contrast to existing process chains in bulk metal forming, in which the joining process takes place during forming or at the end of the process chain, the CRC 1153 uses tailored semi-finished workpieces which are joined before the forming process. This results in a geometric and thermomechanical influence on the joining zone during the forming process which cannot be created by conventional joining techniques. The present work gives an overview of the CRC and the Tailored Forming approach including the applied joining, forming and finishing processes as well as a short summary of the accompanying design and evaluation methods.

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“…Further research by Bay has shown that preliminary treatment of joining surfaces for example, by a rotating brush can improve the weld quality [7]. Also the heat treatment condition of the forming partners affects the bond strength [8]. Ossenkemper et al [9] presented a composite cold forging process that uses hybrid semi-finished products consisting of a steel cup and a lightweight aluminum alloy cylindrical core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing the Lightweight Potential of Composite Cold Forging by Utilizing Magnesium and Granular Cores

Gitschel

Kolpak

Hering

et al. 2020

Metals

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In this paper a process sequence, that uses forward rod extrusion with cold forged C15 steel cup billets to produce lightweight shafts, is presented. The steel cup billets feature either a lightweight magnesium alloy core or a granular medium core that is removed after forming to obtain hollow shafts without the need of complex tools and highly loaded mandrels. It is shown that composite shafts featuring magnesium cores can be produced for a wide range of extrusion strains. Due to high hydrostic pressures in forward rod extrusion, the forming limit of magnesium at room temperature can be expanded. The observed bond strength between core and sheath is below the shear yield strength of utilized magnesium AZ31 alloy. Hollow shafts are successfully produced with the presented process route by utilizing zirconium oxide beads or quartz sand as a lost core. As the law of constant volume in metal forming is violated by compressible granular media, a simulation approach using a modified Drucker-Prager yield surface to model these materials is validated to provide a tool for efficient process design. Granular cores and magnesium alloy cores offer new possibilities in production of lightweight shafts by means of composite cold forging. Both process variants allow for higher weight savings than composite shafts based on aluminum cores.

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Effect of the primary heat treatment on the bond formation in cold welding of aluminum and steel by cold forging

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Temperature Influence on Bond Formation in Multi-material Joining by Forging

Temperature Influence on Bond Formation in Multi-material Joining by Forging

Introduction to tailored forming

Increasing the Lightweight Potential of Composite Cold Forging by Utilizing Magnesium and Granular Cores

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