Effect of the Surface Oxide Layer on Shape Memory Effect and Superelasticity of [011]-Oriented Ti-50.1Ni Single Crystals

Abstract

Effect of the surface oxide layer on the shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) after marforming (deformation in the martensitic state, followed by annealing at 713 K for 0.5 h in an inert helium gas and in dry air) was investigated on Ti-50.1Ni (at.%) single crystals, oriented along [011]-direction, under compression. Quenched [011]-oriented crystals of the Ti-50.1Ni alloy experience a one-stage B2-B19′ martensitic transformation (MT) without SE under compression. Marforming leads to a two-stage B2-R-B19′ MT and creates conditions for SE. A thin TiO2 oxide layer of 170 nm thick was formed on the sample surface upon annealing at 713 K for 0.5 h in dry air. In [011]-oriented crystals without and with an oxide layer, maximum of the SE value reached 4%, and the SME was 2.4 and 2.6%, respectively. Appearance of an oxide layer upon annealing in dry air: (i) reduces the stresses of B2-phase by 50 MPa from Md to 473 K; (ii) decreases Θ = dσ/dε from 6.5 GPa in crystals without an oxide layer to 2.0 GPa with an oxide layer and (iii) does not affect the SME and SE values.

Hydrogen’s Effect on the Shape Memory Effect of TiNi Alloy Single Crystals

“…Hydrogen's effect on the deformation becomes especially noticeable when the system approaches the point of concentration or phase transition [1]. In this case, alloys based on titanium nickelide (TiNi) are of particular interest because of their unique shape memory properties [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], excellent corrosion resistance [12,18,21], excellent mechanical properties [9,11,12,15], and biocompatibility [1,18,21]. Due to these unique properties, TiNi-based alloys are widely used in medicine as implants and orthodontic wires operating under hydrogen exposure.…”