Effect of the Tall Fescue Endophyte on Plant Response to Environmental Stress

Arachevaleta, M.; Bacon, Charles W.; Hoveland, C. S.; Radcliffe, D. E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100010015x

Cited by 383 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, in plants of F. arundinacea and other grasses, infected or not with A. coenophialum, attacks of two Coleoptera were less frequent in the first insect instars, but afterwards there were Concerning alterations due to nutrients in the soil, especially nitrogen fertilizers, there are studies showing the existence of this interaction, which is very significant. Arechavaleta et al (1989) had already verified in the F. arundinacea endophyte A. coenophialum that the production of ergopeptide alkaloids increased in soil amended with nitrogen fertilizers and during a moderate hydric stress, which consecutively altered insect-pest control.…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Modifications Influencing Insect Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Azevedo¹,

Maccheroni²,

Pereira³

et al. 2000

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

565

320

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In the past two decades, a great deal of information on the role of endophytic microorganisms in nature has been collected. The capability of colonizing internal host tissues has made endophytes valuable for agriculture as a tool to improve crop performance. In this review, we addressed the major topics concerning the control of insects-pests by endophytic microorganisms. Several examples of insect control are described, notably those involving the interactions between fungi and grazing grasses from temperate countries. The mechanisms by which endophytic fungi control insect attacks are listed and include toxin production as well as the influence of these compounds on plant and livestock and how their production may be affected by genetic and environmental conditions. The importance of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi for insect control is also addressed. As the literature has shown, there is a lack of information on endophytes from tropical hosts, which are more severely affected by pests and diseases. The natural and biological control of pests and diseases affecting cultivated plants has gained much attention in the past decades as a way of reducing the use of chemical products in agriculture. Biological control has been frequently used in Brazil, supported by the development of basic and applied research on this field not only in our country but also in South America as it can be found in several reviews (Lecuona, 1996;Alves, 1998;Melo and Azevedo, 1998). In fact, by having vast agriculturable areas and most of its territory in the tropical region, Brazil and all Latin America, show their agriculture severely affected by agricultural pests. The use of agrochemicals, although decreasing the attack of insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms, still represents a high risk to field workers and consumers. In addition, their use is, in certain cases, economically unviable. The control of pests and diseases by means of biological processes i. e., use of entomopathogenic microorganisms or those that inhibit/antagonise other microorganisms pathogenic to plants, is an alternative that may contribute to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical products in agriculture.

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Section: Genetic and Environmental Modifications Influencing Insect Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Azevedo¹,

Maccheroni²,

Pereira³

et al. 2000

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

565

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In tall fescue/Neotyphodium endophyte associations, several mechanisms explain the improved drought tolerance of symbiotic plants such as their enhanced root growth [5], faster leaf-rolling [1], enhanced osmotic adjustment and the maintenance of turgor levels under water stress [14]. The nitrogen deficiency tolerance of symbiotic tall fescue seems to be improved by an increased activity of glutamine synthetase regardless of nitrogen level or form favouring the utilisation of nitrogen [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In perennial ryegrass/Neotyphodium endophyte associations, Ravel et al [32] showed that endo- [1,11], perennial ryegrass [21 ] and meadow fescue [37]. However, the effects of endophyte on host plant growth are not consistent across host genotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of yield and persistence of perennial ryegrass inoculated with one endophyte isolate in France

Ravel

Balfourier

Guillaumin³

1999

Agronomie

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“…Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la festuca colonizó y dominó los bordes de caminos, favorecida por la simbiosis con un hongo endófito (Epichlöe coenofialum) que a las plantas le confiere mayor vigor, competitividad y tolerancia al estrés hídrico (Belesky and Fedders 1996). Estas características contribuirían a que festuca sea la especie dominante en las comunidades, con el riesgo de que excluya a otras especies vegetales presentes en los bordes (Arachevaleta et al 1989). …”

Section: Aplicación Del íNdice De Valor De Conservación a Un Caso De unclassified

Una propuesta para valorar el estado de conservación de los bordes de caminos rurales en el sudeste bonaerense

et al. 2017

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R��. Los bordes de caminos rurales (BCR) son elementos clave para conservar la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en los paisajes agrícolas. Su restauración y manejo requieren de protocolos sencillos que valoren (diagnostiquen) su estado de conservación y funcionalidad ecológica. En este trabajo elaboramos un índice del valor de conservación (IVC) de los BCR por medio de la construcción de un árbol de decisiones realizado a partir de la consulta a expertos. El índice, que puede asumir valores entre 4 y 30, evalúa el estado de conservación y la funcionalidad ecológica de los BCR según 11 atributos relacionados principalmente con la estructura de la vegetación. El IVC fue aplicado a 30 BCR del sudeste bonaerense (Argentina). Sus valores oscilaron entre 4 y 29. Los BCR cultivados fueron los de menor valor. Los BCR con IVC más alto (>21) se caracterizaron por la mayor riqueza de especies nativas, entomófilas y de valor cultural, la mayor cobertura de especies nativas y pastos perennes, la menor cobertura de malezas y especies invasoras, y la presencia de al menos una especie vulnerable y/o fitotelmata. Este índice representa una primera contribución aplicable al diagnóstico del estado de conservación de los BCR a través de la identificación de atributos claves de la estructura de la vegetación sugeridos por expertos. Además, el índice provee información relativamente sintética sobre el estado de los BCR, los que, pese a sus múltiples funciones ecológicas, rara vez son tenidos en cuenta para su conservación dentro de la planificación territorial.[Palabras clave: biodiversidad, corredores, elementos lineales del paisaje, pastizales remanentes, consulta a expertos, árbol de decisiones] A��. A proposal to assess the conservation status of roadsides in southeastern Buenos Aires. Rural roadsides (RRS) are key elements for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Their restoration and management require simple protocols to assess (diagnose) their conservation status and ecological functionality. We elaborated a conservation value index (CVI) of RRS by constructing a decision tree based on the experts' opinion. The index, which can range between 4 and 30, evaluates the conservation status and ecological functionality of RRS according to 11 a�ributes related to vegetation structure. The CVI was applied to 30 RRS in southeastern Buenos Aires (Argentina). Values ranged from 4 to 29, being the cropped RRS those with the lowest value. The RRS with the highest CVI (>21) were those characterized by higher richness of native, entomophily and cultural value species, higher coverage of native species and perennial grasses, lower coverage of weeds and invasive species, and presence of at least a vulnerable and/or phytotelmata species. This index represents a first contribution applicable to the diagnosis of the conservation status of RRS through the identification of key a�ributes of vegetation structure suggested by experts. In addition, the index provides relatively synthetic infor...

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Effect of the Tall Fescue Endophyte on Plant Response to Environmental Stress

Cited by 383 publications

References 11 publications

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Enhancement of yield and persistence of perennial ryegrass inoculated with one endophyte isolate in France

Una propuesta para valorar el estado de conservación de los bordes de caminos rurales en el sudeste bonaerense

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