Effect of thermoplastic veils on interlaminar fracture toughness of a glass fiber/vinyl ester composite

Saz-Orozco, Belén Del; Ray, Dipa; Stanley, W.F.

doi:10.1002/pc.23840

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Load, opening displacement, and crack length were recorded for the energy release rate ( G I ) calculation during the tests. The G I was calculated using the modified beam theory data‐reduction method, as follows:

G_{I} = \frac{F}{N} \frac{3 P δ}{2 b (a + | Δ |)}

where G I is the Mode‐I interlaminar fracture toughness, P is the applied load, δ is the load point displacement, b is the specimen width, a is the delamination length (crack length), Δ is a value that is determined experimentally by generating a least‐squares plot of the cube root of compliance ( C 1/3 ) as a function of delamination length, and F and N are the correction parameters to take into account a large displacement and the stiffening of the specimens by the loading blocks, respectively. These correction factors can be calculated using the following equations:

F = 1 - (\frac{3}{10}) {(\frac{δ}{a})}^{2} - (\frac{3}{2}) (\frac{δ t}{a^{2}})

N = 1 - {(\frac{L^{'}}{a})}^{3} - (\frac{9}{8}) [1 - {(\frac{L^{'}}{a})}^{2}] (\frac{δ t}{a^{2}}) - \frac{9}{35} {(\frac{δ}{a})}^{2}

where t and L ′ are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber–epoxy composites using polyamide‐6,6 electrospun nanofibers

Beylergi̇l

Tanoğlu

Aktaş

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

104

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In this study, carbon fiber-epoxy composites are interleaved with electrospun polyamide-6,6 (PA 66) nanofibers to improve their Mode-I fracture toughness. These nanofibers are directly deposited onto carbon fabrics before composite manufacturing via vacuum infusion. Three-point bending, tensile, compression, interlaminar shear strength, Charpy impact, and double cantilever beam tests are performed on the reference and PA 66 interleaved specimens to evaluate the effects of PA 66 nanofibers on the mechanical properties of composites. To investigate the effect of nanofiber areal weight density (AWD), nanointerlayers with various AWD are prepared by changing the electrospinning duration. It is found that the electrospun PA 66 nanofibers are very effective in improving Mode-I toughness and impact resistance, compressive strength, flexural modulus, and strength of the composites. However, these nanofibers cause a decrease in the tensile strength of the composites. The glass-transition temperature of the composites is not affected by the addition of PA 66 nanofibers.

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G_{I} = \frac{F}{N} \frac{3 P δ}{2 b (a + | Δ |)}

F = 1 - (\frac{3}{10}) {(\frac{δ}{a})}^{2} - (\frac{3}{2}) (\frac{δ t}{a^{2}})

N = 1 - {(\frac{L^{'}}{a})}^{3} - (\frac{9}{8}) [1 - {(\frac{L^{'}}{a})}^{2}] (\frac{δ t}{a^{2}}) - \frac{9}{35} {(\frac{δ}{a})}^{2}

where t and L ′ are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various interleaf materials such as thermoplastic and thermoset films, nonwoven veils, and self‐same resin interleaf materials have been studied. Saz‐Orozco et al . investigated the effects of a polyamide (PA) veil on the interlaminar fracture toughness of a glass fiber–vinyl ester composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber–epoxy composites using polyamide‐6,6 electrospun nanofibers

Beylergi̇l

Tanoğlu

Aktaş

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

104

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“…A minimum of five samples were tested in all assays. 16 All samples were acclimatized to the humidity and room temperature of our laboratory before mechanical and thermal analyses. The morphology of the modified red mud-reinforced phenolic foams was observed using a JEOL JSM-6700F scanning electron microscope.…”

Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effects of incorporating alternative reinforcement materials obtained from industrial waste, such as red mud, have not been reported. 15,16 Red mud, the industrial solid waste generated from alumina production, is an environmental pollutant with extremely severe effects. Approximately 0.8-1.8 tons of red mud is generated from the production of 1 ton of alumina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal properties of modified red mud‐reinforced phenolic foams

Liu

Zhou

2018

Polymer International

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A new type of composite based on phenolic foams reinforced with red mud microparticles was prepared using a thermal foaming method. Red mud was ground into ultrafine particles with grain diameters ranging from 1 to 1.5 μm. Silane coupling agent γ‐ureidopropyltriethoxysilane was used to modify the red mud microparticles to improve particle dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the phenolic matrix. The effects of the modified red mud microparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite were investigated at weight ratios ranging from 0 to 21%. The phenolic foams incorporating 15 wt% of the filler exhibited the best integrated performance. In comparison with native phenolic foams, tensile strength and impact strength were increased by 81.8 and 82.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of modified red mud microparticles to the phenolic foam significantly decreased its thermal conductivity while increasing its limiting oxygen index. A morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy indicated that incorporation of the modified red mud microparticles into the foam produced relatively small and uniformly sized cells within the material, which indicated that the observed improvements in mechanical and thermal properties were primarily due to the chemical adhesion between the particles and the matrix and good dispersion of particles in the matrix. The reinforced foams described in this study can be used in a variety of applications in the field of heat insulation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Saz-Orozco, et al (2017) revealed the toughening properties of PA and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) veils. They found that the PET veil has better interfacial bonding but lower improvement of fracture toughness than the PA veil [19]. The increase in the interlaminar fracture toughness of interleaved composites is mainly due to the fiber bridging and the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Crack Propagation Path of the Veil Interleaved Composite by Fusion-Bonded Dots

et al. 2019

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This study investigated the effect of the fusion-bonded dots of veil interleaves on the crack propagation path of the interlaminar fracture of continuous carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin. Two thin fiber layers (i.e., nylon veil (NV) with fusion-bonded dots and Kevlar veil (KV) physically stacked by fibers) were used to toughen composites as interleaves. Result shows that the existence of fusion-bonded dots strongly influenced the crack propagation and changed the interlaminar fracture mechanism. The Mode I fracture path of the nylon veil interleaved composite (NVIC) could propagate in the plane where the dots were located, whereas the path of the Kevlar veil interleaved composite (KVIC) randomly deflected inside the interlayer without the pre-cracking of the dots. The improvement of Mode I toughness was mainly based on fiber bridging and the resulting fiber breakage and pull-out. Fiber breakage was often observed for NVIC, whereas fiber pull-out was the main mechanism for KVIC. For the Mode II fracture path, the fusion-bonded NV dots guided the fracture path largely deflected inside the interlayer, causing the breakage of tough nylon fibers. The fracture path of the physically stacked KVIC occurred at one carbon ply/interlayer interface and only slightly deflected at fiber overlapped regions. Moreover, the fiber pull-out was often observed.

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Effect of thermoplastic veils on interlaminar fracture toughness of a glass fiber/vinyl ester composite

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber–epoxy composites using polyamide‐6,6 electrospun nanofibers

Enhancement of interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber–epoxy composites using polyamide‐6,6 electrospun nanofibers

Mechanical and thermal properties of modified red mud‐reinforced phenolic foams

Controlling the Crack Propagation Path of the Veil Interleaved Composite by Fusion-Bonded Dots

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