Effect of three distinct treatments of titanium surface on osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation

Abstract

Cell-titanium interactions are crucial to the clinical success of bone and dental implants. The physico-chemical characteristics of the substrates surface influence osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and activity as well. The osteoblast behavior was analyzed on three different titanium surfaces: ground with an abrasive 600 grit SiC paper, blasted with alumina particles (65 microm diameter) and alumina blasted followed by a double chemical etch (4% HF+4% HF/8% H2O2). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry showed distinct microtopographies. Ground samples showed parallel-groove orientation. The Al2O3-blasted surface presented the roughest microtopography with aluminum-rich particles incrusted in the titanium surface. Osteoblasts cells from femora of Balb/c mice were seeded onto the substrates tested. Cell morphology and initial attachment were evaluated by SEM. Osteoblasts adhered to and spread on all samples tested. However, on rough surfaces, osteoblasts did not spread completely and acquired a polygonal morphology. Besides, the cell proliferation rate was diminished at the beginning of incubation on rough surfaces. Our results suggest a delay, rather than an impairment, in osteoblast viability and alkaline phosphatase activity when cells are cultured on rough surfaces, inducing a distinct osteoblast phenotype, rather than blocking its activity. At least in the culture conditions used in this work, alumina particles did not affect osteoblast behavior.

Mesenchymal stem cell response to topographically modified CoCrMo

“…In addition, the lower contact angle found on AE may have affected the rate of proliferation, as material wettability has been shown to be influential in this process, with hydrophilic surfaces reported as superior over their hydrophobic counterparts 20, 32. It was also found that SLA50 delayed MSC proliferation at early time points, which may be a result of aluminum contamination, as previously reported 33. However despite having the similar amounts of aluminum residue, SLA250 did not inhibit proliferation and promoted adequate cell growth to obtain the largest cell population of the four surfaces by day 21.…”

Integrin α2β1 plays a critical role in osteoblast response to micron-scale surface structure and surface energy of titanium substrates

“…In vitro experiments using model surfaces indicate that migration, growth, and colony morphology of rat bone marrow cells (15) and osteoblasts (16)(17)(18) are sensitive to microstructure. These observations suggest that structural elements can modulate the spatial organization of cells and their ECM.…”

“…Differences in surface chemistry and energy can affect adsorption of serum proteins (29), including fibronectin (30), which can alter cell attachment (31,32). Microtopography also alters osteoblast attachment to a substrate (33), although surface chemistry may be a more critical variable for many materials (34). Although initial attachment can influence the number of cells that can occupy a given surface, it does not appear to be correlated with the long-term adhesion of osteoblasts to the surface once they produce their ECM (35).…”

Osseointegration and Bioscience of Implant Surfaces - Current Concepts at Bone-Implant Interface

“…They showed that on all microrough surfaces the cell proliferation was better compared with machined surfaces and they found an insignificant increase in cell proliferation parallel to increasing roughness. However, most studies until now argued that surface microroughness influenced cell proliferation negatively (Anselme et al, 2000a;LinezBataillon, 2002;Sader et al, 2005). Anselme et al (2000b) mechanically polished and sandblasted Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with 500 μm or 3mm alumina particles, so they created surfaces having increased roughness values.…”