Effect of tillage on macronutrients in soil and wheat of a long-term dryland wheat-pea rotation

Shiwakoti, Santosh; Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.; Gollany, Hero T.; Kleber, Markus; Xing, Baoshan

doi:10.1016/j.still.2019.02.004

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Soil sampling and laboratory analysis. Soil sampling and laboratory analysis process were similar to that of previous research of similar kind conducted in CBARC [36][37][38][39][40][41] . Soil cores collected at the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-60 cm depths from 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Macronutrient in soils and wheat from long-term agroexperiments reflects variations in residue and fertilizer inputs

Shiwakoti

Zheljazkov

Gollany

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Previous studies in the long-term experiments at Pendleton, OR (USA), were focused on organic matter cycling, but the consequences of land management for nutrient status over time have received little attention. Soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissue samples were analyzed to determine the macronutrient dynamics associated with residue management methods and fertilizer rate under a dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments included: no burn residue incorporation with farmyard manure (FYM) or pea vines, no burn or spring burn with application of N fertilizer (0, 45, and 90 kg ha −1), and fall burn wheat residue incorporation. The results revealed no differences on the effect of residue burning on macronutrient concentration over time. After receiving the same treatments for 84 years, the concentrations of soil organic C, total N and S, and extractable Mg, K, P in the 0-10 cm depth significantly increased in FYM plots compared to the rest of the plots. The N fertilization rate of 90 kg ha −1 reduced the accumulations of P, K, and Ca in grain compared to the 0 and 45 kg N ha −1 applications. The results indicate that residue incorporation with FYM can play vital role in reducing the macronutrient decline over time. Crop yields are no longer increasing at the rate of a couple of decades ago 1 and, simultaneously, the proportion of arable lands are also constantly shrinking 2-a condition that demands increased cultivation under dryland cropping systems. Therefore, examining various soil management practices and their impacts on soil quality, such as macronutrient status, of such regions may contribute to sustainable food production for the next 100 years. Despite the important roles of macronutrients for plant growth, few studies have evaluated their dynamics under dryland cropping systems over extended periods of time. The drylands of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) receive an average annual precipitation of 150-437 mm 3 , while winter wheat requires 500-580 mm of water to complete its lifecycle 4 , and hence, annual dryland wheat production may not be successful in this region. To overcome this water limitation, farmers in this production region of more than two million hectares have opted to utilize a winter wheat-14 months fallow (WW-F) rotation for over 100 years. This system has so far been proven to be economical and stable 5. In the WW-F cropping system, wheat is grown for ten months and the land is in fallow for 14 months to conserve winter precipitation for next year's wheat 6,7. However, during these 14 months of fallow, the surface is exposed to general degradation, wind erosion, and accelerated C and N losses 6. Nevertheless, the WW-F cropping system has proven to be the best solution to sustain wheat production in these regions 7 , therefore, management strategies that can maintain or enhance long-term soil productivity are crucial for this region. Wheat residue burning was a common soil management method during the 1930's in the WW-F cropping system 6 , and is still being practiced by some f...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Macronutrient in soils and wheat from long-term agroexperiments reflects variations in residue and fertilizer inputs

Shiwakoti

Zheljazkov

Gollany

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The results from these nine treatments were compared with the adjacent long-term (undisturbed since 1931) grassland pasture (GP) to determine the changes from the management practices. The GP is a 46 by 109 m plot that has no tillage history other than occasional mowing and may hence serve as a proxy for native grassland [18]. Bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum var.…”

Section: Site Descriptions and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients in the Soil and Wheat: Impact of 84 Years of Organic or Synthetic Fertilization and Crop Residue Management

et al. 2019

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Crop residues are an important source of plant nutrients. However, information on the various methods of residue management on micronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over time is limited. A long-term (84-year) agroecosystem experiment was assessed to determine the impact of fertilizer type and methods of crop residue management on micronutrients over time under dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments were: no N application with residue burning in fall (FB), spring (SB), and no residue burn (NB); 45 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; 90 kg N ha−1 with SB and NB; pea vines; and farmyard manure (FYM) and a nearby undisturbed grass pasture (GP). Wheat grain, straw, and soil samples from 1995, 2005, and 2015 were used to determine tissue total and soil Mehlich III extractable Mn, Cu, B, Fe, and Zn, and soil pH. After 84 years, extractable Mn and B in the top 10 cm of soil decreased in all plots, except for B in FYM and SB. The FYM plots had the highest extractable Mn (114 mg kg−1) in the top 10 cm soil; however, it declined by 33% compared to the GP (171 mg kg−1). Extractable Zn in the top 10 cm of soil increased with FYM while it decreased with inorganic N application in 2015; however, total Zn in grain increased by 7% with inorganic N (90 kg ha−1) application compared to FYM application. The results suggest that residue management had similar impact on soil micronutrients. Inorganic N and FYM application can be integrated to reduce micronutrient losses from cultivation.

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“…Most of the micronutrients are largely SOM bound and will be released when SOM decomposition is stimulated 1,2 . The decomposition of SOM is stimulated by tillage through changes in soil water, aeration, temperature, and nutritional environment 3,4 . No-tillage or reduced tillage accumulates SOM in the upper surface whereas SOM are uniformly mixed to a plow depth under a conventional tillage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients decline under long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization

Shiwakoti

Zheljazkov

Gollany

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Tillage and nitrogen (N) fertilization can be expected to alter micronutrient dynamics in the soil and in plants over time. However, quantitative information regarding the effects of tillage and N application rates on micronutrient dynamics is limited. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the long-term effect of different tillage methods as well as variation in N application rates on the distribution of Mehlich III extractable manganese, copper, zinc, boron, and iron in soils and (b) to assess accumulation of the same nutrients in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) tissues. The system studied was under a dryland winter wheat-fallow (WW-F) rotation. Tillage methods included moldboard (MP), disk (DP) and sweep (SW), and the N application rates were 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha −1 . The concentration of soil manganese was greater under DP (131 mg kg −1 ) than under MP (111 mg kg −1 ). Inorganic N application reduced extractable soil copper while, it increased manganese accumulation in wheat grain over time. Comparison of micronutrients with adjacent long-term (since 1931) undisturbed grass pasture revealed that the WW-F plots had lost at least 43% and 53% of extractable zinc and copper, respectively, after 75 years of N fertilization and tillage. The results indicate that DP and inorganic N application could reduce the rate of micronutrient decline in soil and winter wheat grain over time compared to MP and no N fertilization.

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Effect of tillage on macronutrients in soil and wheat of a long-term dryland wheat-pea rotation

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Macronutrient in soils and wheat from long-term agroexperiments reflects variations in residue and fertilizer inputs

Macronutrient in soils and wheat from long-term agroexperiments reflects variations in residue and fertilizer inputs

Micronutrients in the Soil and Wheat: Impact of 84 Years of Organic or Synthetic Fertilization and Crop Residue Management

Micronutrients decline under long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization

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