Effect of time of application and nitrate: ammonium ratio on maize grain yield, grain N concentration and soil mineral N concentration in a semi-arid region

Inorganic nitrogen uptake and related enzymatic activity in the seagrass Zostera noltii

“…2002). The alleviation of ammonium toxicity by the addition of nitrate has been observed in crop plants (Feng & Barker 1992; Adriaanse & Human 1993; Kronzucker et al. 1999), and is related to the possible role of nitrate as a signal that optimizes several biochemical responses.…”

“…This is probably because the presence of nitrate may alleviate ammonium toxicity, which has been determined to be above 25 lm for Z. noltii, with negative effects on the species survival and growth (Brun et al 2002). The alleviation of ammonium toxicity by the addition of nitrate has been observed in crop plants (Feng & Barker 1992;Adriaanse & Human 1993;Kronzucker et al 1999), and is related to the possible role of nitrate as a signal that optimizes several biochemical responses. In rice, plasma membrane fluxes of ammonium, cytosolic ammonium accumulation and ammonium metabolism are enhanced in the presence of nitrate.…”

NH4+ toxicity in higher plants: a critical review

“…From this and other studies, it emerges that certain plant families tend to be more tolerant or sensitive to NH 4 + ; these families are compiled tentatively, albeit not exhaustively, in Table 1. Notably (Harada et al 1968, Gigon and Rorison 1972, Sasakawa and Yamamoto 1978, Findenegg 1987, Magalhaes and Huber 1989, Adriaanse and Human 1993, Cramer and Lewis 1993, Falkengren-Grerup and Lakkenborg-Kristensen 1994, Falkengren-Grerup 1995, Gerendas and Sattelmacher 1995. Moreover, we hypothesize that a species' adaptation to the successional stage of an ecosystem, and thus N-speciation dominance in the native soil habitat (Vitousek et al 1982), might be more important than family affiliation (see Kronzucker et al 1997, Bijlsma et al 2000.…”

Late Split-Application with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Increases Yield by Mediating Source–Sink Relations during the Grain Filling Stage in Summer Maize

“…However, the impact of a split application of N on yield is sometimes inconsistent. Some split-application N experiments, which applied the fertilizer at the V12 or even R1 stages, resulted in a reduction in yield [ 16 , 20 , 21 , 38 ], as it ignores the N demand for crop growth and development in the early stages, which may cause irreparable damage to the crop and affect the absorption of N fertilizer in the later stages. Additionally, a study found that there was an increase in N fertilizer recovery rate but not in yield when N fertilization was moved to the V3 and V12 stages under high N fertilizer input levels [ 17 ], implying that this approach might have satisfied the N fertilizer demand in the vegetative growth stage but neglected the N fertilizer input in the reproduction growth stage.…”

“…The effects of a split application of N fertilizer on maize yield are relevant to many factors, including maize genotype, environment conditions, and the time for N split application [ 17 , 19 , 20 ]; therefore, its effects are usually difficult to accurately clarify. In previous studies, maize yield did not decrease when N fertilizer was put off from the sowing stage to the V10 or V11 stage but decreased when N fertilizer was delayed to the tasseling and silking stages [ 16 , 21 , 22 ].…”