Effect of Timolol versus Pilocarpine on Visual Field Progression in Patients with Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Vogel, Roger; Crick, Ronald Pitts; Mills, K B; Reynolds, Patricia M.; Sass, William; Clineschmidt, Coleen M.; Tipping, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31773-7

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Downward adjustment of target pressure can be made in the face of progressive optic disc, RNFL, or visual field change. 553,[559][560][561][562] Upward adjustment of target pressure can be considered if the patient has been stable and if the patient either requires (because of side effects) or desires less medication. A follow-up visit in 2 to 8 weeks, depending on disease severity, may help to assess the response and side effects from washout of the old medication or onset of maximum effect of the new medication.…”

Section: Adjustment Of Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines

et al. 2016

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Section: Adjustment Of Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines

et al. 2016

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“…37 In clinical studies, timolol has been shown to have preservative actions in glaucoma, hampering the progression of visual field damage, opticnerve disc cupping, and decreased retinal thickness. 38,39 These results suggest that timolol, in addition to being an ocular-hypotensive drug, also exerts neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage. It has been demonstrated that timolol displays a direct neuroprotective effect in experimental models of retinal injury and these protective effects are due in part to a mechanism independent of its action as an ocular hypotensive agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Antioxidant activity of timolol on endothelial cells and its relevance for glaucoma course

Izzotti

Saccà²,

Marco

et al. 2007

Eye

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Purpose A growing evidence in the scientific literature suggests that oxidative damage plays a pathogenic role in primary open-angle glaucoma. Therefore, it is of interest to test whether drugs effective against glaucoma display antioxidant activity. We test the hypothesis that the classic b-blocker therapy for glaucoma with timolol involves the activation of antioxidant protective mechanisms towards endothelial cells. Methods Oxidative stress was induced in cultured human endothelial cells by iron/ ascorbate with or without timolol pretreatment. Analysed parameters included cell viability (neutral red uptake and tetrazolium salt tests), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric reactive substances), and occurrence of molecular oxidative damage to DNA (8-hydroxy-2 0 -deoxyguanosine).Results Oxidative stress decreased 1.8-fold cell viability, increased 3.0-fold lipid peroxidation and 64-fold oxidative damage to DNA. In the presence of timolol, oxidative stress did not modify cell viability, whereas lipid peroxidation was increased 1.3-fold, and DNA oxidative damage 3.6-fold only.Conclusions The obtained results indicate that timolol exerts a direct antioxidant activity protecting human endothelial cells from oxidative stress. These cells employ mechanisms similar to those observed in the vascular endothelium. It is hypothesized that this antioxidant activity is involved in the therapeutic effect of this drug against glaucoma.

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“…9,10 Although such ␤-adrenoceptor antagonists have been used clinically for a long time, there is no consistent view as to their effects on the amplitude of the circadian fluctuations in IOP. Clinical studies have shown that timolol has significant ocular hypotensive effects during the daytime but not during the nighttime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%