Effect of Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) Agonists on TLR and Microbicide Expression in Uterine and Vaginal Tissues of the Mouse

Soboll, Gisela; Schaefer, Todd M.; Wira, Charles R.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00381.x

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In contrast to cells grown in culture dishes, cells on inserts are polarized and are therefore more likely to remain functional in ways that reflect their existence within the Fallopian tube. Using mouse uterine epithelial cells, we compared freshly isolated cells with those grown to confluence on cell inserts and found that 5-10 days in culture had minimal effects of TLR expression (84). Whether growth in culture plates and cell passaging affect TLR expression in human FRT epithelial cells, remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C)

Ghosh¹,

Schaefer²,

Fahey³

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective-To examine the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) by primary human Fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTEC) and to determine whether exposure to the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) would induce an antiviral response.Design-Tissue culture study. Setting-University Medical Center. Patient(s)-Pre-menopausal women undergoing hysterectomy.Intervention(s)-Primary human FTEC were grown to confluence and high transepithelial resistance and treated with TLR agonists. Conditioned media was collected and RNA was extracted and analyzed for the expression of cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobial genes.Main Outcome Measure(s)-RNA was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and protein levels were assessed by ELISA. Result(s)-The FTEC were demonstrated to express TLR1-9 but not 10. Treatment of FTEC with TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) resulted in increased expression of IL-8, TNF-α, human β-defensin 2, interferon beta, and interferon stimulated genes myxovirus resistance gene 1, 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase, and protein kinase R. Additionally, FTEC exposed to poly(I:C) also resulted in the induction of TLR 2, 3, and 7.Conclusion(s)-Our results suggest that FTEC are sensitive to viral infection and/or exposure to viral dsRNA and can respond by secreting proinflammatory cytokines that mediate the initiation of an inflammatory response as well as expressing genes that can directly inhibit viral replication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C)

Ghosh¹,

Schaefer²,

Fahey³

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

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“…The lower compartment of the genital tract is continuously exposed to the external environment and must be able to distinguish between commensal microflora and pathogens (Kaushic 2011). In the non-pregnant female genital tract, expression of AMPs varies with site, which may promote tolerance to certain bacteria in the vagina, but effect elimination of pathogens in the uterine cavity (Soboll et al 2006). Production has been shown to be influenced by steroid hormones, and expression varies with the menstrual cycle (King et al 2003a(King et al , 2003b, suggesting a protective effect at key times such as menstruation and implantation.…”

Section: Amps In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides and pregnancy

Frew¹,

Stock²

2011

Reproduction

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins produced by epithelial surfaces and inflammatory cells, which have broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. They are known to be important in a number of infectious and inflammatory conditions and have been shown to be present in a number of sites throughout the female reproductive tract. Inflammation and infection are associated with a number of complications of pregnancy including preterm labor, and AMPs may play a key role in maintaining and protecting pregnancy. The aim of this review is to describe the expression and function of AMPs in the pregnant female reproductive tract and their relation to preterm labor.

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“…The endometrium is the first line of defense against microbial invasion, and endometrial epithelial cells are thought to play a key role in local innate immunity (Herath et al, 2006;Soboll et al, 2006;Turner et al, 2014). Endometrial epithelial cells line the uterine mucosal surface, forming a physical barrier to protect the host from pathogen invasion (Wira et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury

Lyu

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: Bovine endometritis is one of the most common reproductive disorders in cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammation potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Methods: bEECs were stimulated with different concentrations (1, 10, 30, 50, and 100 μg/ml) of LPS for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 h. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and to identify the conditions for inflammatory injury and effective concentrations of punicalagin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assess gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting was used to assess levels of inflammation-related proteins. Results: Treatment of bEECs with 30 µg/ml LPS for 12 h induced cell injury and reduced cell viability. Punicalagin (5, 10, or 20 µg/ml) pretreatment significantly decreased LPS-induced productions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bEECs. Molecular research showed that punicalagin inhibited the activation of the upstream mediator nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by suppressing the production of inhibitor κBα (IκBα) and phosphorylation of p65. Results also indicated that punicalagin can suppress the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Conclusions: Punicalagin may attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory injury and provide a potential option for the treatment of dairy cows with Escherichia coli endometritis.

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Effect of Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) Agonists on TLR and Microbicide Expression in Uterine and Vaginal Tissues of the Mouse

Cited by 65 publications

References 67 publications

Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C)

Antiviral responses of human Fallopian tube epithelial cells to toll-like receptor 3 agonist poly(I:C)

Antimicrobial peptides and pregnancy

Punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury

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