Effect of Trichoderma asperellum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on cacao growth and resistance against black pod disease

Tchameni, Séverin Nguemezi; Ngonkeu, M.E.L.; Begoude, B.A.D.; Nana, Louise Wakam; Fokom, Raymond; Owona, A.D.; Mbarga, Joseph Bienvenu; Tchana, T.; Tondje, P.R.; Etoa, François–Xavier; Kuaté, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2011.05.003

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…With the aim of mitigating the environmental effects of chemically synthesized fungicides, several biological control strategies have been studied (21). Biocontrol microorganisms such as Trichoderma have been commonly used since they are cosmopolitan and their isolation process is relatively simple (6).…”

Section: Palavras-chave: Cacau Patógenoscogumelos Biocontrolementioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic and endophytic fungi as biocontrols against cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) phytopathogens

2017

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Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tropical tree, seriously affected by fungal diseases. To control several pathogens, biological methods are prescribed since they are friendly to the environment and easy to use. The main objective of this study was to assess the biocontrol effect of two native strains, Trichoderma viride and Botryosphaeria quercum, on phytopathogens such as Phytophthora palmivora and Moniliophtora roreri, causal agents of black pod and frosty pod rot diseases, respectively. In addition, biocontrolers were faced on potential mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergills flavus and Fusarium solani, which are very common on cocoa. The Bio-Control Index (BCI) was calculated to determine the in vitro biocontrol effect against the biocontrole contra quatro fitopatógenos. Os resultados indicaram que o melhor agente de controle biológico de fitopatogenos era B. quercum, que mostra 82,3% de BCI e 80,7%, 63,3% e 59,7% para cad a um dos fitopatógenos testados, respectivamente. A competição por substrato foi a estratégia utilizada no controle biológico. As estirpes, provenientes do Departamento de Santander e Santander Norte apresentaram a maior inibição percentual média. Este estudo é um inicial para sobre o poten c ial endófito e antagonística de fungos, capazes de colonizar as especificamente bagas de cacau e solo. Assim, estas estirpes podem ser indicadas uma alternativa eficiente contra fitopatógenos de cacau importantes. Palavras-chave: Cacau, patógenos,cogumelos, biocontroleCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tropical American tree flowering all year long and bearing a fruit known as pod. Colombia is the ninth producer in the world and the third one in Latin America, after Brazil and Ecuador. Estimated projections indicate that by 2021 Colombia might produce 285,600 Mg cocoa, as cocoa tree plantations are expected to reach over 230,000 ha (11); however, 50% to 90% cocoa production is affected by fungal diseases (2,4). The most prevailing infections are frosty pod rot (caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri) and black pod (the etiological agent of which is Phytophthora sp.), both causing cocoa crop losses of up to 100% (15). In addition, there are secondary infections caused by phytopathogens like Aspergillus and Fusarium that attack opportunistically as cocoa deteriorates, thus accelerating pod degradation and leaving traces of mycotoxins (3).To reduce the effects of fungal phytopathogens, cocoa growers apply good cropping practices, sometimes combined with the use of fungicides. The first method is easy to apply but labor demanding and is only economically viable if the cocoa price in the market is high (8). In the case of fungicides, they certainly protect the plant

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Section: Palavras-chave: Cacau Patógenoscogumelos Biocontrolementioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic and endophytic fungi as biocontrols against cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) phytopathogens

2017

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“…However, application of fungicides can have drastic effects on the consumer and the environment (Naseby et al, 2000). A promising and safer method for controlling cocoa BPD has been the development of resistant cultivars and the use of appropriate cultural practices (Nyasse et al, 2007;Tchameni et al, 2011). However, disease resistant cultivars are not yet available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Tayo¹,

Ewane²,

Effa³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail shell at 2.0% increases the percentage of germination and also reduces the time of germination. 12 weeks after planting, a series of morphological changes was observed on the plants treated with chitosan and snail shell. Plant height (34 to 39.5 cm), leaf number (11 to 13 leaves/plant), leaf area (88 to 130 cm 2 ) and fresh weight of roots and shoots (25 to 44 g/plant) increased significantly in the chitosan and snail shell treated soils. Pods inoculated with chitosan and/or snail shell treated soil suspensions presented very slight necrotic lesions. This could be linked to a decrease in the P. megakarya load of the soil suspension. Leaf inoculation showed variation among the treatments with the lowest index (highest level of resistance) recorded in plants treated either with chitosan or snail shell. The treatment of plants with chitosan and snail shell powder before and after inoculation showed higher level of phenolic compounds than in the control plants. Furthermore, the inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proteins in the cocoa plants treated with chitosan and snail shell. The level of proteins accumulation after inoculation was higher in plants treated with snail shell than those treated with chitosan. In conclusion, the effect of snail shell on cocoa growth and resistance showed that it is possible for snail shell powder to be a biofungicide and biofertilizer used in the control of cacao Black Pod Disease in nurseries.

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“…RDA01, NICS01, and DFC01 on sesame seedling growth The fungi isolated from the rhizosphere soil promote plant growth, and could be used as biocontrol agents, but amino acid changes during the fungal interaction have rarely been studied. Several reports have suggested that plant growth is enhanced by the application of soil fungi (Ruanpanun et al 2010;Tchameni et al 2011;Dutt et al 2013). In the present study, three soil fungal isolates, Penicillium spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Soil microorganisms release nitrogen in the form of amino acids, resulting from N 2 fixation (Ferrara et al 2012), and these amino acids are absorbed by plants (Whiteside, Digman et al 2012). Recently, Tchameni et al (2011) also reported significantly greater amino acid synthesis in fungi-inoculated plants compared to control plants. Sesamin and sesamolin are major lignans in sesame plants, and these exhibit their antioxidant activity against pathogen infection (Jeng & Hou 2005) by suppressing reactive oxygen species generation and mitogen-activated protein kinases (Gill et al 2002).…”

Section: Effect Of Fungal Treatments On the Primary And Secondary Metmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterization of plant growth-promoting traits of Penicillium species against the effects of high soil salinity and root disease

Radhakrishnan

Kang

Baek

et al. 2014

Journal of Plant Interactions

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This study investigated the plant growth promotion and stress mitigation effects of Penicillium species RDA01, NICS01, and DFC01 on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants. The fungal isolates NICS01 and DFC01 significantly enhanced shoot length, root length, and fresh and dry seedling weight, due to the secretion of various concentrations of amino acids (Asp, Thr, Ser, Asn, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, Lys, His, Try, and Arg). Penicillium sp. NICS01 increased the amount of chlorophylls, proteins, amino acids, and lignans in the sesame plants more so than in controls. Sesame plant growth was stunted by high soil salinity, and application of the three fungal isolates increased plant survival. The RDA01 and NICS01 strains significantly increased shoot length and fresh and dry seedling weights under salt stress conditions. In addition, an in vitro study of the Penicillium spp. revealed their antagonistic activity toward the pathogenic fungi Fusarium spp. Fusarium spp. reduce shoot length; co-inoculation with the NICS01 or DFC01 isolates significantly increased shoot length in infected plants. Our results suggest that exogenous application of the Penicillium sp. NICS01 can act as a biofertilizer and a biocontrol agent to improve plant growth and enhance plant survival against salt stress and Fusarium infection.

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Effect of Trichoderma asperellum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on cacao growth and resistance against black pod disease

Cited by 67 publications

References 46 publications

Symbiotic and endophytic fungi as biocontrols against cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) phytopathogens

Symbiotic and endophytic fungi as biocontrols against cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) phytopathogens

Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya

Characterization of plant growth-promoting traits of Penicillium species against the effects of high soil salinity and root disease

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