Effect of type of dietary non‐protein energy source (starch vs. fat) on the body bile acid pool size and composition, faecal bile acid loss and bile acid synthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss)

Abstract

Effects of the type of dietary non‐protein energy source on the size and composition of the total body bile acid pool, on faecal bile acid loss and on bile acid synthesis were investigated in rainbow trout. Two diets were formulated (similar DP:DE ratio) that differed in the inclusion of either maize starch (Starch) or rapeseed oil (Fat) as main non‐protein source. Fish were fed to satiation for 44 days. Type of non‐protein energy source did not substantially affect the body bile acid pool composition. However, feeding the Starch diet resulted in a larger total body bile acid pool size compared with the Fat diet, and this despite enhanced faecal bile acid loss when feeding the Starch diet that was related to more faeces being produced. Bile acid synthesis in fish fed the Starch diet was more than two times higher compared with fish fed the Fat diet. The difference in body bile acid pool size between diets suggests upregulation of bile acid synthesis in fish fed the Starch diet beyond the level needed to compensate for the higher faecal bile acid loss and/or downregulation of bile acid synthesis in fish fed the Fat diet. The underlying mechanisms for this difference in synthesis need further investigation.

An Integrated Bile Acids Profile Determination by UHPLC-MS/MS to Identify the Effect of Bile Acids Supplement in High Plant Protein Diet on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…The BA family in animals is quite complex. Similar to the reports on the human [34], mice [35], and rainbow trout [36], we also found that the common carp can conjugate bile acid with glycine, but not only with taurine. In some early views, it was pointed out that animals, except for the mammals, conjugate their BAs exclusively with taurine [37,38], which led to the fact that less attention was paid to G-BAs when studying fish bile acids.…”

“…However, the fish meal in the experimental diets of this study only accounted for 10%, which made the bile acids level in the basal diet lower than the detection limit of LC-MS/MS. In the study of Staessen et al (2021) [36], 27% fishmeal and 1.3% fish oil were used and about 1.1 × 10 −5 umol/mg GBA were detected in the basal diet. In the present study, the dietary bile acid profile was composed with HCA (8.0%), HDCA (70.9%), and CDCA (20.2%), and the two experimental diets were designed with the same level of fishmeal.…”

Effects of Low or High Dosages of Dietary Sodium Butyrate on the Growth and Health of the Liver and Intestine of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides

“…The protein content of the liver was determined using a kit produced by Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The lipids in the liver were extracted and determined in accordance with the method reported by Staessen et al [ 22 ]. The collagen fibre content in the liver was determined with Fish COL ELISA Kit (Sanjia, China).…”

Effect of Dietary Starch-to-Fat Ratio on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, and Microbiota of Multiparous Sow and Newborn Piglets

“…The fetus grows fast during late gestation indicating an active exchange of nutrients between the fetus and placenta [1]. Fat and starch are common sources of energy in diets, although starch possesses a lower caloric density than fat [2]. To satisfy the rapid growth of the fetus, sows undergo many physiological changes [3], such as an increased circulating concentration of hormones [4].…”