Effect of ultrasound sonication in nanoclay clusters of nanoclay/epoxy composites

Lam, Chun-Ki; Lau, Kin-tak; Cheung, Hoi-Yan; Ling, Hang Yin

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2004.12.048

Cited by 140 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The enhancement of mechanical properties in nanocomposites depends on the intercalated or exfoliated content ( Figure 1) of nanoclay in the polymer matrix. 15,16 In the exfoliated condition their surface area can be as high as 750 m 2 /g. However, the complete exfoliation of nanoclay remains a significant challenge in various types of polymers.…”

Section: Nanocomposite Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-epoxy nanocomposites: Processing and properties

Gupta

Lin

Shapiro

2007

JOM

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Research Summary Nanocomposite MaterialsThe work described in this paper is focused on evaluating the effect of the processing method and nanoclay (montmorillonite) content on the tensile, compressive, and impact properties of clay-epoxy nanocomposites. Nanocomposites are synthesized by two methods: mechanical mixing and shear mixing. Both these methods are capable of producing bulk quantities of clay-epoxy nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the nanoclay has exfoliated in the mechanically mixed specimens. Results show that as nanoclay content increases the tensile modulus increases for both mechanically and shear mixed specimens, while the compressive modulus remains largely unchanged. The total energy absorption under impact loading is found to be higher in mechanically mixed specimens.

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Section: Nanocomposite Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-epoxy nanocomposites: Processing and properties

Gupta

Lin

Shapiro

2007

JOM

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“…100 %) and shorter sonication time (i.e. less than 20 min) [46][47][48]. On the other hand, Dean et al [49] investigated the effect of ultrasonication technique on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

Salam

Dong

Davies

et al. 2016

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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A holistic study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of three different pre-mixing processes, namely mechanical mixing, ultrasonication and centrifugation, on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites reinforced with different platelet-like montmorillonite (MMT) clays (Cloisite Na + , Cloisite 10A, Cloisite 15 or Cloisite 93A) at clay contents of 3-10 wt%. Furthermore, the effect of combined pre-mixing processes and material formulation on clay dispersion and corresponding material properties of resulting composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flexural and Charpy impact tests, Rockwell hardness tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A high level of clay agglomeration and partially intercalated/exfoliated clay structures were observed regardless of clay type and content. Epoxy/clay nanocomposites demonstrate an overall noticeable improvement of up to 10 % in the glass transition temperature (T g ) compared to that of neat epoxy, which is interpreted by the inclusion of MMT clays acting as rigid fillers to restrict the chain mobility of epoxy matrices. The impact strength of epoxy/clay nanocomposites was also found to increase by up to 24 % with the addition of 3 wt% Cloisite Na + clays. However, their flexural strength and hardness diminished when compared to those of neat epoxy, arising from several effects including clay agglomeration, widely distributed microvoids and microcracks as well as weak interfacial bonding between clay particles and epoxy matrices, as confirmed from TEM and SEM results. Overall, it is suggested that an improved technique should be used for the combination of pre-mixing processes in order to achieve the optimal manufacturing condition of uniform clay dispersion and minimal void contents.

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“…The two commonly used techniques for the pre-mixing of nanoclay/polymer samples, which are able to assist the dispersion or exfoliation of the nanoclay platelets, are ultrasonication and mechanical shear mixing. Lam et al [9] studied the effect of ultrasonication of nanoclay clusters in epoxy/clay nanocomposites. They found an optimum ultrasound sonication time for which the mechanical properties of the composites were mostly enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy/clay nanocomposites: effect of dispersion methods on morphology and ultimate properties

et al. 2015

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Epoxy/clay nanocomposites modified with carboxyl-terminated poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (CTBN) liquid rubber (epoxy/clay/CTBN nanocomposites) are synthesized using two different pre-mixing techniques: mechanical high shear mixer (homogenizer) and ultrasonication using tip sonicator. The observations suggest that low molecular weight CTBN easily diffuses into clay galleries, thereby increasing the d-spacing in epoxy/clay/CTBN nanocomposites, regardless of premixing method. High shear mixing causes breaking of clay platelets in epoxy/clay/ CTBN nanocomposites, leading to a reduction in the aspect ratio. Epoxy/clay/CTBN nanocomposites prepared via sonication have achieved a uniform and stable morphology, in which the clay platelets are dispersed in epoxy matrix in such a way that most of them try to localize near the phase-separated CTBN domains. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposites are correlated with morphological findings.

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Effect of ultrasound sonication in nanoclay clusters of nanoclay/epoxy composites

Cited by 140 publications

References 6 publications

Clay-epoxy nanocomposites: Processing and properties

Clay-epoxy nanocomposites: Processing and properties

The effects of material formulation and manufacturing process on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

Liquid-rubber-modified epoxy/clay nanocomposites: effect of dispersion methods on morphology and ultimate properties

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