Effect of Variation in Dietary Calcium on Plasma Concentration and Urinary Excretion of Calcium

MacFadyen, I. J.; Nordin, B. E. C.; Smith, Dennis A.; Wayne, D. J.; Rae, S. L.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5428.161

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The signal to the kidney whereby there is an increase in urinary calcium following ingestion of calcium is not entirely clear. Short-term studies suggest that plasma calcium is elevated shortly after its ingestion, and the increase in urinary calcium usually occurs shortly after dietary ingestion [143], and N o r d in et a/. [175] suggested that the increase in filtered load is largely responsible for the augmented urinary excretion.…”

Section: Dietary Intake O F Sodium Calcium and Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Control of Renal Excretion of Calcium and Magnesium

Massry¹,

Jw²

1973

Nephron

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This report reviews the various hormonal and non-hormonal factors involving the renal handling of calcium and magnesium and the effect of these factors on the relationship between the excretions of these divalent ions and that of sodium. Among the factors discussed are: (1) extracellular volume expansion, (2) renal vasodilatation, (3) changes in glomerular filtration rate, Parathyroid hormone (4) hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia, (5) diuretics, (6) phosphate depletion and loading, (7) alterations in acid base balance, (8) diet, (9) fasting, (10) activity, (11) diurnal variation, and (12) various hormones including parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and adrenal steroids.

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Section: Dietary Intake O F Sodium Calcium and Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Control of Renal Excretion of Calcium and Magnesium

Massry¹,

Jw²

1973

Nephron

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“…There is also a correlation between calcium intake and the urinary excretion of calcium within a group of persons (Knapp, 1947;Nordin & Smith, 1965), but the correlation obtained by Knapp in 1947 was largely an artificial one, and the correlation obtained by Nordin and Smith in 1965 was such that the variation in dietary calcium accounted for little of the variation in urinary calcium (see discussion).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Excretion of Calcium in the Urine and its Relation to Calcium Intake, Sex and Age

1970

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S U M M A R Y1. Until recently estimates of the urinary excretion of calcium have largely been based upon studies of patients in hospital and, consequently, with changes in the person's diet and physical activity.2. We have measured the urinary excretion of calcium in seventy-five men and ninety-eight women aged 20-69 years, who were all apparently healthy and who were taking their chosen free diet.3. For 7 consecutive days each person recorded the weight of all food that was eaten and collected 24 h specimens of urine. We have examined in these persons the relation between the urinary calcium, the dietary intake of calcium, age and sex.4. 95% of the men excreted less than 400 mg of calcium in the urine per day and 95% of the women excreted less than 340 mg/day. 5.Within the limits of the calcium intake (mean values: men 1148 mg/day, women 1042 mg/day) found in this study, there was no relationship between the dietary calcium and the urinary excretion of calcium except in men over the age of 50 years. Even then the regression accounted for only a minor part of the variation in urine calcium.6. The urinary excretion of calcium diminished in men over the age of 60 and in women over the age of 50 years. 7. These results arediscussed in relation to previous studies of the urinaryexcretion of calcium. It is concluded that the urinary excretion of calcium is determined more by the absorption of calcium from the intestine than by the intake of calcium, and that the efficiency of absorption decreases in men and women as they grow older.The daily excretion of calcium in the urine is measured in the investigation of a variety of clinical conditions, in particular in a search for hypercalciuria as an aetiological factor in recurrent renal calculi. The range of urinary calcium which has been taken as a standard

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“…From what is known of parathyroid physiology, it would be expected that dietary calcium restriction, which leads to a small but significant fall in plasma calcium (MacFadyen et al, 1965), would lead to parathyroid stimulation (Phang et al, 1969). In the present study, the increase in urinary total hydroxyproline, and increase in tubular reabsorption of calcium, both of which occurred in the normal subjects but not in those with normocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism, suggest that secretion of parathyroid hormone was increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Also, the relative importance of reduced filtered load (MacFadyen, Nordin, Smith, Wayne & Rae, 1965) and increased tubular reabsorption (Phang, Berman, Finerman, Neer, Rosenberg & Hahn, 1969) of calcium is unknown. A small fall in plasma calcium has been detected (MacFadyen et al, 1965), but it is uncertain whether this accounts adequately for the observed changes in urinary calcium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cellulose Phosphate on Calcium and Magnesium Homeostasis: Studies in Normal Subjects and Patients with Latent Hypoparathyroidism

Parfitt

1975

Clinical Science

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1. The bivalent cation-binding agent, cellulose phosphate, was given for 6 days to four normal subjects and six patients with latent hypoparathyroidism (diagnosed by impaired response to EDTA infusion), all of whom were on a moderately low calcium diet. 2. In normal subjects, there was a prompt and sustained fall in urinary calcium with no change in plasma calcium, indicating increased tubular reabsorption. Plasma and urinary magnesium fell, without increase in tubular reabsorption. The urinary total hydroxyproline increased and Tm,P/glomerular filtration rate fell after 2 days; these changes were transient and were consistent with a transient increase in parathyroid hormone secretion. 3. In the hypoparathyroid patients, urinary calcium fell more slowly and a fall in plasma calcium occurred in several subjects, the extent and duration of which corresponded with parathyroid status determined by EDTA infusion. Urinary conservation of calcium was impaired but plasma and urinary magnesium fell as in normal subjects. Urinary total hydroxyproline did not change and Tm,P/glomerular filtration rate fell more slowly than in the normal subjects. 4. The relative contributions of increased tubular reabsorption and reduced filtered load to calcium conservation in response to calcium depletion depend on the prevailing level of parathyroid function; the former is more important when parathyroid function is normal, the latter when parathyroid function is impaired. 5. In the detection of reduced parathyroid reserve, the assessment based on the plasma calcium response to cellulose phosphate agrees closely with the assessment based on the degree of recovery from EDTA-induced hypocalcaemia.

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Effect of Variation in Dietary Calcium on Plasma Concentration and Urinary Excretion of Calcium

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

The Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Control of Renal Excretion of Calcium and Magnesium

The Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Control of Renal Excretion of Calcium and Magnesium

The Excretion of Calcium in the Urine and its Relation to Calcium Intake, Sex and Age

Effect of Cellulose Phosphate on Calcium and Magnesium Homeostasis: Studies in Normal Subjects and Patients with Latent Hypoparathyroidism

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