Effect of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates

Sutton, John; Smith, R. H.; McAllan, A. B.; Storry, J. E.; Corse, D.A.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600052461

Cited by 40 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Medium‐ and long‐chain free fatty acids, released by hydrolysis in the rumen, may alter the synthesis of lipids by rumen microbes 43,44 . In our study, the fatty acid profile of amaranth seeds had no effect on the concentration of total VFA (data not shown), as observed by Kubelková et al 12 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND: In recent decades, grain amaranths have attracted attention due to their valuable combination of nutritional traits, with higher protein and oil content than conventional cereals. Before they can be proposed as an unconventional ingredient in animal feed, many aspects still need to be investigated from field production to nutritive value. The present research aimed to study the agronomic traits, proximate composition, and digestibility/degradability, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of two grain amaranth species, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus (for a total of six accessions), grown in a Mediterranean environment. RESULTS: Both species showed seed yields comparable to or higher than the traditional cereal crops in the same environment. On the whole, A. cruentus resulted in a higher seed production than A. hypochondriacus. Mexico and Montana accessions, both belonging to A. cruentus, showed the highest yield (3.73 t ha −1 , on average). Few differences emerged in nutritive value between species and accessions: the Illinois accession of A. cruentus showed the best performance in terms of in vitro degradability and gas production, but not for volatile fatty acid production; the fermentation kinetics was slowest in the Illinois accession and fastest in the Montana accession of A. cruentus and the India accession of A. hypochondriacus.CONCLUSION: From a health perspective, the Nebraska accession of A. hypochondriacus represents the best accession, with the lowest saturated fatty acid content and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits

et al. 2022

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“…There was a lower apparent yield of ether extract in the forestomach as well as a net loss of total LCFA, when the free oil diet was fed. Inhibition of microbial growth was found to occur when cod-liver oil was included into diets for sheep; this is thought to be a consequence of the high content of polyunsaturated LCFA with chain length greater than C 20 (Sutton et al 1975). Further evidence seems to suggest that the inclusion of oils in different forms may produce different responses with respect to rumen function and dietary digestion (Storry, 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestion, by sheep, of diets containing different physical forms of rapeseed

Pallister

Smithard

1987

J. Agric. Sci.

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SummaryThe effect of including full-fat rapeseed (Brassica napus, cv. Jet Neuf) into diets for mature wether sheep was studied. A 4 × 4 latin square was carried out with diets containing 4% rapeseed oil in different physical forms: as intact seeds; as a mixture of rapeseed oil and rapeseed meal; or as an extruded rapeseed product. A control diet, containing rapeseed meal but no added oil, was also fed.There was no effect of added oil on rumen fermentation or dietary fibre digestibility. Extrusion had the effect of lowering nutrient availability, both in the rumen and in the small intestine. Total nitrogen digestibility for the diet containing the extruded product was 5% lower than any other diet.All diets produced apparent net gains between mouth and duodenum of ether extract; however, the diet containing dispersed oil and meal was the only one that did not show apparent synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in the forestomach. Apparent disappearances of fatty acids in the small intestine were highest, at 56 and 58 g/day respectively, for the diets containing the extruded product and the intact whole seeds. Extrusion had the effect of reducing apparent biohydrogenation of 18:1 in the forestomach.The use of extruded rapeseed in this experiment showed little benefit over that of intact rapeseed, for sheep, owing to the lower digestion of nutrients for the heated supplement. The free-dispersal of rapeseed oil in the diet, however, may inhibit microbial synthesis in the rumen.

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“…Values were obtained which were within the range of many other reported values obtained in vivo for net growth: 32-2 ± 13-9 g N,/kg DOM B (mean value ± SE calculated from 126 individual results obtained by other workers (Hogan & Weston, 1969;Hume, 1970a, b;Hume & Bird, 1970;Hume, Moir & Somers, 1970;Hogan & Weston, 1971;Ishaquee/a/. 1971;Jackson et al 1971;0rskov, Fraser & McDonald, 1971,1972Mathison & Milligan, 1971;Coelho da Silva, Seeley, Thomson, Beever & Armstrong, 1972;Leibholz, 1972;Lindsay & Hogan, 1972;Hagemeister & Pfeffer, 1973;Hagemeister & Kaufmann, 1974;Beever, Thomson 6 Harrison, 1974;Hume & Purser, 1975;Sutton, Smith, McAllan, Storry & Corse, 1975;McMeniman et al 1976) and in vitro for total growth: 43-7 + 22-6 g N,/kg DOM B (mean value ±SE, eighteen individual values obtained by other workers (Walker & Nader, 1968;Al-Rabbat et al 19716;Bucholtz & Bergen, 1973;Nikolic et al 1975)). When growth efficiency values were calculated for incubations using cellobiose and maltose as substrates, higher values were obtained, which increased with increasing period of incubation (Table 10).…”

Section: Incorporation Of Nmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of rumen microbial growth in vitro from³²P-labelled phosphate incorporation

Nevel¹,

Demeyer²

1977

Br J Nutr

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1. The extracellular phosphate pool in incubations of rumen fluid or washed cell suspensions of mixed rumen bacteria (WCS) was labelled with 32P. From the constant extracellular phosphate pool specific activity and the amount of radioactivity incorporated during incubation, the amount of P incorporated in the microbial fraction was calculated. From the value for nitrogen: P determined in microbial matter, the amount of N incorporated was calculated as a measure of microbial growth. 2. Incorporation of soluble non-protein-N in incubations devoid of substrate protein was 50 and 80% of the values obtained using the isotope method for rumen fluid and WCS respectively. It is suggested that results obtained using the former method reflect 'net growth' of micro-organisms which is the result of simultaneous growth and degradation. The isotope method measures 'total growth', as isotope incorporation is not affected by degradation of non-growing cells. 3. Incorporation of 32P in P-containing microbial components (mainly nucleic acids) was compared with net synthesis of these components in incubations of WCS. The results showed different specific rates of synthesis and degradation for all components studied. It is concluded that the composition of microbial matter changed during growth. 4. When N incorporation, calculated from results obtained using the isotope method in incubations with rumen fluid, was compared with the amount of carbohydrate substrate fermented and the type of fermentation, values between 18-3 and 44-6 g N incorporated/kg of organic matter fermented were obtained. Low values were associated with large proportions of the substrate being fermented to lactate and the use of glucose instead of disaccharides as substrate. Part of the variation could also be attributed to differences in incubation period, reflected in different proportions of polysaccharide formed. 5. The use of isotopes for determination of rumen microbial growth in vitro is critically discussed.

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Effect of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits

Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits

The digestion, by sheep, of diets containing different physical forms of rapeseed

Determination of rumen microbial growth in vitro from³²P-labelled phosphate incorporation

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Effect of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits

Amaranthus grain as a new ingredient in diets for dairy cows: productive, qualitative, and in vitro fermentation traits

The digestion, by sheep, of diets containing different physical forms of rapeseed

Determination of rumen microbial growth in vitro from32P-labelled phosphate incorporation

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Determination of rumen microbial growth in vitro from³²P-labelled phosphate incorporation