Effect of various levels of T-2 toxin on the clinical status, performance and metabolism of growing pigs

Rafai, P.; Bata, A; Ványi, A; Papp, Zoltán; Brydl, E.; Jakab, László; Tuboly, S; Túry, E.

doi:10.1136/vr.136.19.485

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…A similar observation was reported by (Rafai et al, 1995a). Moreover, this reduction in weight gain was the only clinical sign observed; indeed biochemical plasma parameters remained unchanged even after 28 days of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Subclinical doses of T-2 toxin impair acquired immune response and liver cytochrome P450 in pigs

Meissonnier¹,

Laffitte²,

Raymond³

et al. 2008

Toxicology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Subclinical doses of T-2 toxin impair acquired immune response and liver cytochrome P450 in pigs

Meissonnier¹,

Laffitte²,

Raymond³

et al. 2008

Toxicology

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“…The use of the pure form, however, may still result in differences in estimates. Thus, Rafai et al (1995a) commented that feed refusal in pigs fed T-2 toxin at 3 mg/kg was a particular problem whereas other earlier studies had indicated no such effects at considerably higher levels of the mycotoxin. The choice of performance and biochemical criteria may also influence selection of tolerance values.…”

Section: Advisory and Tolerance Limitsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…It is may be significant that other trichothecenes including NIV and T-2 toxin have been implicated in both feed refusal and anorexia in pigs (Table 1). Thus, Rafai et al (1995a) observed dose-related depressions in feed intake within one week of feeding diets contaminated with T-2 toxin. By the end of the 3-week study pigs fed T-2 toxin at 3 mg/kg had feed intakes which were only 0.59 of control values.…”

Section: Jpf D'mello Et Al / Animal Feed Science and Technology 8mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, recent studies (Table 1) have only confirmed the anorectic effects. In quantitative terms marked effects of DON on feed intake Dermatitis of snout, nose and buccal commissures; feed refusal; depressed feed intake, growth, and blood glucose levels; increased blood levels of inorganic P and Mg Rafai et al (1995a) T-2 toxin Decreased red blood cell count, corpuscular volume and hemoglobin concentration; reduced leucocyte count, proportion of T lymphocytes, antibody formation and blastogenic transformation of lymphocytes Rafai et al (1995b) inhibition have been observed particularly in the range 6±15 mg/kg diet ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Feed Refusal Emesis and Anorexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fusarium mycotoxins: a review of global implications for animal health, welfare and productivity

D’Mello

Placinta

Macdonald

1999

Animal Feed Science and Technology

554

305

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Trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins are the major Fusarium mycotoxins occurring on a worldwide basis in cereal grains, animal feeds and forages. Other important Fusarium mycotoxins include moniliformin and fusaric acid. Spontaneous outbreaks of Fusarium mycotoxicoses have been recorded in Europe, Asia, New Zealand and South America and, in addition, chronic exposure occurs on a regular and more widespread scale. The metabolism and adverse effects of the Fusarium mycotoxins are considered in this review with particular reference to recent data on specific and proposed syndromes and to interactions among co-occurring mycotoxins. Within the trichothecene group, deoxynivalenol (DON) is associated with emesis, feed refusal and depressed feed intake in pigs, while T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) are now clearly linked with oral lesions in poultry. The gut microflora of farm livestock are able to transform DON to a de-epoxy derivative. In contrast, the ovine metabolism of ZEN results in the production of five metabolites and relatively high levels of these forms may be excreted in the urine as glucuronides. There is now undisputed evidence that ZEN and its metabolites possess estrogenic activity in pigs, cattle and sheep, but T-2 toxin has also been implicated in reproductive disorders in farm livestock. Fumonisins are positively linked with pulmonary edema in pigs, leukoencephalomalacia in equines and with deranged sphingolipid metabolism in these animals. Fusarium mycotoxins have also been provisionally implicated in ovine ill-thrift, acute mortality of poultry and in duodenitis/proximal jejunitis of horses. Several Fusarium mycotoxins may co-occur in a particular feed ingredient or in compound feedingstuffs. In general, combinations of Fusarium 50 , median lethal dose; LH, luteinizing hormone; Sa, sphinganine; So, sphingosine; ELEM, equine leukoencephalomalacia; DPJ, duodenitis/proximal jejunitis; PPE, porcine pulmonary edema 0377-8401/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 7 -8 4 0 1 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 5 9 -0 mycotoxins result in additive effects, but synergistic and/or potentiating interactions have been observed and are of greater concern in livestock health and productivity. Synergistic effects have been reported between DON and fusaric acid; DON and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ); and DAS and the Aspergillus-derived aflatoxins. Limited evidence of potentiation between FB 1 and DON or T-2 toxin has also emerged recently. Additive and synergistic effects between known and unidentified mycotoxins may account for enhanced adverse effects observed on feeding Fusarium-contaminated diets. The potential for transmission of DON into eggs and of ZEN into porcine kidney and liver has been demonstrated. However, lactational carry-over of FB 1 appears not to occur, at least in cows and sows. It is concluded that livestock health, welfare and productivity may be severely compromised by consumption of DON, T-2 toxin, DAS, ZEN and fumonisins and by interactions am...

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“…5,30 According to the literature, some Fusarium toxins may affect the performance of pigs in very low amounts; for example, T-2 toxin induces feed rejection, resulting in reduced body weight gain in a concentration as low as 0.5 mg/kg of feed. 24 On the other hand, FB 1 did not affect feed intake and body weight gain even when fed in much higher concentrations (eg, 40 mg/kg of feed), despite the fact that the pigs ingesting it had developed rather severe pulmonary edema but no obvious clinical signs of pulmonary disease. 38 Another similar experiment conducted with growing pigs showed that dietary exposure from 1 to 10 ppm of FB 1 caused uneven body weight gain in the first 4 weeks of life, but growth stabilized between weeks 4 and 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Computed Tomography and Histopathologic Review for Lung Lesions Produced by the Interaction BetweenMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeand Fumonisin Mycotoxins in Pigs

et al. 2013

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has a primary role in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). The objective of this study was to determine whether fumonisin mycotoxins influence the character and/or the severity of pathological processes induced in the lungs of pigs by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Four groups of pigs (n ¼ 7/group) were used, one fed 20 ppm fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) from 16 days of age (group F), one only infected with M. hyopneumoniae on study day 30 (group M), and a group fed FB 1 and infected with M. hyopneumoniae (group MF), along with an untreated control group (group C). Computed tomography (CT) scans of infected pigs (M and MF) on study day 44 demonstrated lesions extending to the cranial and middle or in the cranial third of the caudal lobe of the lungs. The CT images obtained on study day 58 showed similar but milder lesions in 5 animals from group M, whereas lungs from 2 pigs in group MF appeared progressively worse. The evolution of average pulmonary density calculated from combined pixel frequency values, as measured by quantitative CT, was significantly influenced by the treatment and the age of the animals. The most characteristic histopathologic lesion in FB 1 -treated pigs was pulmonary edema, whereas the pathomorphological changes in Mycoplasma-infected pigs were consistent with catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia. FB 1 aggravated the progression of infection, as demonstrated by severe illness requiring euthanasia observed in 1 pig and evidence of progressive pathology in 2 pigs (group MF) between study days 44 and 58.

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Effect of various levels of T-2 toxin on the clinical status, performance and metabolism of growing pigs

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Subclinical doses of T-2 toxin impair acquired immune response and liver cytochrome P450 in pigs

Subclinical doses of T-2 toxin impair acquired immune response and liver cytochrome P450 in pigs

Fusarium mycotoxins: a review of global implications for animal health, welfare and productivity

Use of Computed Tomography and Histopathologic Review for Lung Lesions Produced by the Interaction BetweenMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeand Fumonisin Mycotoxins in Pigs

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