Effect of Vegetable Oil on Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Dayak Onion [Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.] Extract using Hydrophilic-lipophilic Balance Approach: Formulation, Characterization

Abstract

Eleutherine palmifolia is a typical plant of Kalimantan that has been empirically used by the Dayak people as a cure for various types of diseases. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a drug delivery system that can be developed for onion Dayak to improve its absorption profile. Selection of oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant have an essential role in SNEDDS of Dayak onion. The aims of this study to determine the effect of the use of vegetable oils on SNEDDS using the HLB approach. Several 40 formulations in each oil phase with HLB ranging between 11 and 15 were screened to acquire stable SNEDDS composition without the presence of phase separation. Formulas optimal obtained F33 (HLB 14) using olive oil at a ratio formula of 1:7:2. F29 (HLB 14), using VCO at a formula ratio of 1:7:2. F14 (HLB 14) uses palm oil at a ratio formula of 2:7:1. The result showed that the optimal formula F33 (olive oil) with 58 nm of the particle size, 84.32 ± 0.00 of the transmittance percentage, 22.00 ± 0,18 of the emulsification time. Formula F29 (VCO) with 19.48 nm of the particle size, 91.78 ± 0.02 of the transmittance percentage, 43.00 ± 0.16 of the emulsification time. Formula F14 (palm oil) with 102 nm of the particle size, 90.93 ± 0.02 of the transmittance percentage, 110 ± 0.34 of the emulsification time. The optimal formula that has good characteristics and stability is the F29 (VCO) formula using tween 20/transcutol as the surfactant, PEG 400, as co-surfactant at a ratio formula of 1:7:2.

Nanotechnology Approach-Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds)

“…VCO is one type of oil with a mediumchain fatty acid. The results of this study show that vegetable oil is not much better than medium-chain triglycerides such as Miglyol 812 [8]. The use of medium-chain triglycerides can stabilize preparations better than oils with longer chains.…”

“…The drawbacks found in this SNEDDS are, first, there are still few in vitro studies on good drug formulations, then it requires a different lipid base in the formulation; the last drawback is that the drug dissolution profile still uses conventional systems with formulations that can interact before the drug arrives. in the digestive tract, which makes the drug not work optimally [8].…”

“…It has been recently reported that not only SNEDDS oil components can play a role in lymphatic transport, but certain surfactants can also produce the same effect. As surfactant concentrations in SNEDDS formulations are high and can reach up to 60%, their contribution to lymphatic transport needs to be explored further [7,8].…”

“…The oil used in this study is included in the mediumchain triglycerides (MCT), namely Miglyol 812. Miglyol 812 has a higher dissolving capacity and better stability than short-chain triglycerides (SCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT), such as oleic acid, olive oil, coconut oil, and virgin coconut oil [8].…”

The Development Formulation of Eleutherine Palmifolia Extract-Loaded Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Snedds) Using D-Optimal Mixture Design Approach

“…If the sample transmittance percentage results are close to that of distilled water, which is 100%, it is assumed that the nanoemulsion droplets have been nanosized. Three repeated readings were performed for the sample [12].…”