Effect of Vertically Structured Porosity on Electrochemical Performance of FeF2 Films for Lithium Batteries

Parkinson, Matthew; Ko, Jonathan K.; Halajko, Anna; Sanghvi, Sheel; Amatucci, Glenn G.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.080

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The superior performance of porous materials stems from the fact that a high electrode/ electrolyte interfacial area favors a rapid ion-coupled electron transfer rate and provides direct access to the bulk and surface atomic layers (Fig. 5.9(B)) [442]. Furthermore, nanosized and structurally disordered materials can better accommodate volume changes and lattice stresses caused by structural and phase transformations during lithiation/delithiation [231].…”

Section: Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Barranco

Borrás

González‐Elipe

et al. 2016

Progress in Materials Science

616

436

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a b s t r a c tThe oblique angle configuration has emerged as an invaluable tool for the deposition of nanostructured thin films. This review develops an up to date description of its principles, including the atomistic mechanisms governing film growth and nanostructuration possibilities, as well as a comprehensive description of the applications benefiting from its incorporation in actual devices. In contrast with other reviews on the subject, the electron beam assisted evaporation technique is analyzed along with other methods operating at oblique angles, including, among others, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser or ion beam-assisted deposition techniques. To account for the existing differences between deposition in vacuum or in the presence of a plasma, mechanistic simulations are critically revised, discussing well-established paradigms such as the tangent or cosine rules, and proposing new models that explain the growth of tilted porous nanostructures. In the second part, we present an extensive description of applications wherein oblique-angle-deposited thin films are of relevance. From there, we proceed by considering the requirements of a large number of functional devices in which these films are currently being utilized (e.g., solar cells, Li batteries, electrochromic glasses, biomaterials, sensors, etc.), and subsequently describe how and why these nanostructured materials meet with these needs.

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Section: Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Barranco

Borrás

González‐Elipe

et al. 2016

Progress in Materials Science

616

436

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The impact of the high electronic conductivity is represented in the extreme case of thin films with a vertical morphology which requires the electron to diffuse through a large distance >700 nm while the ion diffusion distance <100 nm. In such films we have shown 7 that the electronic conductivity is high enough to maintain facile electrochemical activity, well beyond the 20 nm thought by us and others to be necessary. This suggests that the majority of the challenge related to improving the viability of metal fluoride conversion materials rests in the improvement of the ionic transport as long as contact to the percolation network is maintained throughout the cycling of the metal fluoride conversion material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…FeF 2 has been extensively investigated as a potential electrode material due to its potential low cost and rutile structure which is common among the first row metal fluorides. [6][7][8] The latter aspect makes it an excellent model material for fundamental studies. FeF 2 exhibits a single three phase reaction, FeF 2 + 2Li + + 2e − → Fe + 2 LiF, exhibiting a theoretical capacity of 571 mAh/g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Transport in Lithiated Iron and Bismuth Fluoride

Halajko

Parkinson

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Metal networks are formed during the lithiation of metal fluorides. Previous reports indicate that these networks are bi-continuous with the possibility to support electronic transport, though no quantitative analysis has been performed. In this study, thin films of FeF 2 and BiF 3 were chemically lithiated using n-butyllithium to form these metal networks. Direct current (DC) polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to find electronic conductivity and results were compared to their pure metals. Results indicate films to have higher than expected conductivity value which indicates that these metal networks support electronic transport during lithiation. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0621501jes] All rights reserved. Lithium-ion batteries are the ubiquitous energy storage device for portable electronics. Historically, there has been a continuous quest for higher energy density chemistries in order to reduce the weight or volume in new innovative devices. Lithium conversion compounds are one of the promising alternatives for battery positive electrodes.1 The advantage is their ability to accommodate more than one lithium/electron per transition metal to achieve higher capacities than traditional intercalation compounds. Transition metal fluoride conversion materials have been a research focus because their highly ionic bonds allow reduction potentials approximately 1 V higher than the chalcogenides.2-5 As such, high capacity, low cost metal fluorides such as FeF 2 , FeF 3 and CuF 2 are of interest. FeF 2 has been extensively investigated as a potential electrode material due to its potential low cost and rutile structure which is common among the first row metal fluorides.6-8 The latter aspect makes it an excellent model material for fundamental studies. FeF 2 exhibits a single three phase reaction, FeF 2 + 2Li + + 2e − → Fe + 2 LiF, exhibiting a theoretical capacity of 571 mAh/g. During lithiation, most conversion materials of fluoride and dichacodenide chemistries form a bi-continuous network of nano metal and lithium salt (i.e. LiF, Li 2 O, etc.). This has been shown in a number of high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies and supported in part by molecular dynamic modeling.9,10 Although such networks visually appear to be electronic percolating (Figure 1) and may be the pathway for electron transport to the reaction front, there has been no data to suggest what order of magnitude the conductivity of this percolated network is. The goal of the effort presented herein is to establish quantitatively the electronic c...

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“…Among the transition-metal oxide materials, WO 3 thin films, which are well known for their excellent ability to promote the reversible intercalation of lithium ions, are considered to be a possible cathode-active material for use in lithium ion rechargeable batteries [3]. Moreover, the porosity of WO 3 thin films makes it easier for lithium ions to undergo intercalation, leading to secondary lithium ion batteries with high energy density [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron transport mechanism of tungsten trioxide powder thin film studied by investigating effect of annealing on resistivity

Sasaki

Oozu

et al. 2015

Microelectronics Reliability

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Effect of Vertically Structured Porosity on Electrochemical Performance of FeF2 Films for Lithium Batteries

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Electronic Transport in Lithiated Iron and Bismuth Fluoride

Electron transport mechanism of tungsten trioxide powder thin film studied by investigating effect of annealing on resistivity

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