Effect of Volatile Fatty Acid Infusion on Development of the Rumen Epithelium in Neonatal Sheep

Lane, Michelle A.; Jesse, B.W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)75993-9

Cited by 103 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The burn pattern of the Jasper Wildfire created a mosaic of burned and unburned habitat of varying burn intensity within the 34,821-ha zone (Zimmerman 2004). Those patches provided areas of unburned habitat for thermal cover and predator escape and burned edge habitats with (Lane and Jesse 1997) within the rumen or reduced particle size of forage (Greenwood et al 1997). Similar response in papillae characteristics to burning in both species supports our hypothesis of fire being beneficial at the mucosal level for deer in the southern Black Hills.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Gastrointestinal Morphology of Female White-Tailed and Mule Deer: Effects of Fire, Reproduction, and Feeding Type

Zimmerman¹,

Jenks²,

Leslie³

2006

Journal of Mammalogy

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Gastrointestinal Morphology of Female White-Tailed and Mule Deer: Effects of Fire, Reproduction, and Feeding Type

Zimmerman¹,

Jenks²,

Leslie³

2006

Journal of Mammalogy

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“…It is known from literature that concentrate-rich diets cause an increased VFA (mainly propionic and butyric acid) production thus stimulating the metabolism of the rumen epithelium, the structural development and resorptive activity of the latter. (Kauffold et al, 1975;Hofmann and Schnorr, 1982;Jesse et al, 1995;Lane and Jesse, 1997;Zitnan et al, 1998). We could not observe any significant differences in the level of rumen fermentation since the animals had been killed 16 hours after the last feeding, however, the resorption surface of rumen papillae per cm 2 of mucosa was stated to be increased in the intensively reared group of animals which received higher amounts of the concentrate.…”

Section: Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Mucosamentioning

confidence: 70%

Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle

Žitňan¹,

Kuhla²,

Nürnberg³

et al. 2003

Vet. Med. - Czech

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In ca�le, energy-rich feeding causes an increase in the size of rumen papillae and leads to considerable mucosa proliferation (Dirksen et al., 1984). In animals fed low and high energy diets rumen mucosa revealed progressive reduction and intensive proliferation, respectively (Dirksen et al., 1985). Intensity of rumen fermentation increases with the increasing intake of concentrate and simultaneously the occurring volatile fa�y acids promote the structural development of the rumen epithelium (Kauffold et al., 1977;Hofmann and Schnorr, 1982;Zitnan et al., 1998).So far, insufficient or no investigations at all have been carried out into the effects of the diet upon the development of small intestinal mucosa.According to Tivey and Smith (1989), changes in the development of enterocytes and in the structure of villi determine the digestive and absorptive capacity of the small intestine. Kreikemeier et al. (1990) studied the activity of carbohydrate digesting enzymes in Holstein and Longhorn bulls and observed it to be influenced by the type of diet and the level of feed intake. Mir et al. (1997) considered the length of villi and crypts and mucosal carbohydrase activity to be an important factor in nutrient absorption; they recorded differences in these parameters between different cattle breeds, of which Holstein bulls had the highest lactase activity and the longest villi in the middle part of the intestine. ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of extensive and intensive feeding on the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as on the level of carbohydrase activity in the small intestine of growing ca�le. Fourteen growing male bulls aged 5 months were divided into two feeding groups. The extensively fed animals were kept on pasture in the summer and in a stall in the winter whereas the intensively fed group was housed all the year long. The bulls were slaughtered 16 h a�er the last feeding at the age of 18 months. Rumen fluid samples and mucosa samples from the ventral ruminal sac and the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were subjected to analyses. Evaluation of rumen fermentation did not reveal significant differences between the groups, however, the molar proportions of propionic acid were increased in the intensively reared bulls. As to the activity of the individual carbohydrase enzymes (maltase, cellobiase, lactase) no significant differences could be stated between the groups. Comparison to the extensively reared group revealed that the length and width of papillae of the ventral ruminal sac was significantly increased in the intensively reared animals (P < 0.001) and so was the papillar surface per cm 2 of mucosa (P < 0.001). The length of duodenal villi in the intensive group was singnificantly increased (P = 0.026) whereas that of the jejuenal villi approached the limits of significance (P = 0.052) when compared to the extensive group. There were no significant differences in the depth of crypts, however, the crypts of the intensively reared animals were somewhat deeper. The lengt...

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“…Doses were calculated based on literature data with organic acids infusion directly into the animal's rumen (Lane and Jesse, 1997). A single coarsely ground commercial starter, formulated as the National Research Council (NRC, 2001) recommendation with ground corn, soybean meal, wheat meal and mineral mixture, was fed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and plasma metabolites of dairy calves fed starter containing sodium butyrate, calcium propionate or sodium monensin

Ferreira

Bittar

2011

Animal

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This study was conducted to examine the influence of supplementation of sodium butyrate, sodium monensin or calcium propionate in a starter diet on the performance and selected plasma metabolites (plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and b-hydroxybutyrate) of Holstein calves during pre-and post-weaning periods. Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were housed in individual hutches until 10 weeks of life, receiving water free choice, and fed four liters of milk daily. Calves were blocked according to weight and date of birth, and allocated to one of the following treatments, according to the additive in the starter: (i) sodium butyrate (150 g/kg); (ii) sodium monensin (30 mg/kg); and (iii) calcium propionate (150 g/kg). During 10 weeks, calves received starter ad libitum, while coast cross hay (Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers.) was offered after weaning, which occurred at the 8th week of age. Weekly, calves were weighted and evaluated for body measurements. Blood samples were taken weekly after the fourth week of age, 2 hours after the morning feeding, for determination of plasma metabolites. No differences were observed among treatments for starter or hay intake, BW and daily gain of the animals. Mean concentrations of selected plasma metabolites were similar in calves fed a starter supplemented with sodium butyrate, sodium monensin and calcium propionate. There was significant reduction in the concentrations of plasma glucose as calves aged. The inclusion of sodium butyrate, calcium propionate or sodium monensin as additives in starter feeds resulted in equal animal performance, before and after weaning, suggesting that sodium monensin may be replaced by organic acid salts. Keywords: additives, early weaning, ionophores, ruminal development ImplicationsThis study was conducted to evaluate organic acid salts inclusion in calf starters as a replacement to the traditional use of ionophore, since these antibiotics were banned as growth promoters in the European Union. Since all commercial starters include ionophores, an alternative additive that could result in the same pattern of animal performance should be studied. The organic acid salts were chosen because they lack the antibiotic effect but could have beneficial effects on the rumen development processes. In addition, as seen in the non-ruminant industry, acidified feeds may have a beneficial effect on the health of the lower gastrointestinal tract. IntroductionCalf rumen development, crucial for the early weaning program, is strongly related to the intake of fermentable organic matter and the resulting short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; Greenwood et al., 1997). Ruminal metabolism studies have pointed out butyric and propionic acids as the main stimuli for rumen development and the maturation process , which suggests that additives that furnish higher SCFA concentrations or alter the rumen fermentation pattern may be used as a tool for reducing the milk feeding period.The inclusion of ionophores in ruminant diets has shown changes in the SCFA concentrations, mainl...

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Effect of Volatile Fatty Acid Infusion on Development of the Rumen Epithelium in Neonatal Sheep

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

Gastrointestinal Morphology of Female White-Tailed and Mule Deer: Effects of Fire, Reproduction, and Feeding Type

Gastrointestinal Morphology of Female White-Tailed and Mule Deer: Effects of Fire, Reproduction, and Feeding Type

Influence of the diet on the morphology of ruminal and intestinal mucosa and on intestinal carbohydrase levels in cattle

Performance and plasma metabolites of dairy calves fed starter containing sodium butyrate, calcium propionate or sodium monensin

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