Effect of Volume Fraction on Shear Mode Properties of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni Filled Magneto-Rheological Elastomers

Tahir, Shayan; Usman, Muhammad; Umer, Malik Adeel

doi:10.3390/polym14142968

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are magneto-responsive due to the inclusion of magnetic particles within the elastomer matrix. [115][116][117][118] Typically, MREs are synthesized by dispersing solid magneto-responsive fillers, such as ferromagnetic Fe, [119][120][121] Ni, [122][123][124] or NdFeB [125][126][127] particles, in a polymer matrix prior to curing in the presence or absence of a magnetic field. Based on the curing conditions, loading concentration, and type of magnetic particle used, MREs may possess anisotropic physical properties, which can enable field-dependant mechanical or physical properties.…”

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal + x: A Review of Multiphase Composites Containing Liquid Metal and Other (x) Fillers

Eristoff,

Nasab,

Huang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Multiphase mixtures containing both liquid metal and solid inclusions in a soft polymeric matrix can exhibit unique combinations of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Gallium‐based liquid metals have excellent electrical and thermal properties, and incorporating additional conductive, magnetic, or other solid fillers into liquid metal‐embedded elastomers can yield heightened electrical and thermal conductivities, enhanced elasticity due to lowered percolation thresholds, and positive piezoconductivity. This emerging class of liquid metal + x composites, where x denotes any solid filler type, has applications in stretchable electronics, wearables, soft robotics, and energy harvesting and storage. In this review, the recent literature is consolidated on liquid metal + x composites and their potential to offer uniquely amplified or multiplied bulk properties is highlighted. The literature related to the materials and processing of liquid metal + x composites is reviewed, through which it is found that the properties of the resulting multiphase composites are sensitive to the sequence in which the distinct liquid metal and solid inclusions are incorporated into the continuous phase. This review further includes a summary of relevant predictive modeling approaches, as well as identifies grand challenges and opportunities to advance liquid metal + x composites.

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Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal + x: A Review of Multiphase Composites Containing Liquid Metal and Other (x) Fillers

Eristoff,

Nasab,

Huang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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show abstract

“…These iron particles have different morphologies, sizes, and a high density. Generally, the most frequently used are carbonyl iron particles with a spherical shape, size in microns, and density of around 7 g/cm 3 [13]. The high density of these iron particles remains a matter of concern, but generally settles down with time often in magnetic fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Magneto-Mechanical Configurations with High Magnetic Sensitivity Based on “Gel-Type” Soft Rubber for Intelligent Applications

Kumar,

Park

2024

Gels

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“Gel-type” soft and stretchable magneto-mechanical composites made of silicone rubber and iron particles are in focus because of their high magnetic sensitivity, and intelligence perspective. The “intelligence” mentioned here is related to the “smartness” of these magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) to tune the “mechanical stiffness” and “output voltage” in energy-harvesting applications by switching magnetic fields. Hence, this work develops “gel-type” soft composites based on rubber reinforced with iron particles in a hybrid with piezoelectric fillers such as barium titanate. A further aspect of the work relies on studying the mechanical stability of intelligence and the stretchability of the composites. For example, the stretchability was 105% (control), and higher for 158% (60 per 100 parts of rubber (phr) of barium titanate, BaTiO3), 149% (60 phr of electrolyte iron particles, EIP), and 148% (60 phr of BaTiO3 + EIP hybrid). Then, the magneto-mechanical aspect will be investigated to explore the magnetic sensitivity of these “gel-type” soft composites with a change in mechanical stiffness under a magnetic field. For example, the anisotropic effect was 14.3% (60 phr of EIP), and 4.4% (60 phr of hybrid). Finally, energy harvesting was performed. For example, the isotropic samples exhibit ~20 mV (60 phr of BaTiO3), ~5.4 mV (60 phr of EIP), and ~3.7 mV (60 phr of hybrid). However, the anisotropic samples exhibit ~5.6 mV (60 phr of EIP), and ~8.8 mV (60 phr of hybrid). In the end, the composites prepared have three configurations, namely one with electro-mechanical aspects, another with magnetic sensitivity, and a third with both features. Overall, the experimental outcomes will make fabricated composites useful for different intelligent and stretchable applications.

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“…It has been analyzed MR that effect helped us for understanding the mechanic features and materials hysteretic behaviors by means of dynamic shear loading. Tahir 21 calculated the value of MR effect of materials that consist of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni but Khadiret al 22 increased the storage modulus about 260% using foam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of shear behavior of magneto-rheological elastomers under harmonic loading

Mazlum

Çelik

2022

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Magneto-rheological (MR) materials can respond reversibly and quickly under the effect of an external magnetic field. MR materials contain micron-sized iron particles. These iron particles are typically dispersed in an elastomer or a liquid. These materials due to their properties constitute a kind of smart material in terms of engineering material. Such materials are used as isolators in various engineering applications, structures, and sound control subsystems. This study aimed to determine the mechanical properties for shear behavior of MR materials for under harmonic loading. Parameters such as matrix materials with different hardness values, powder types, magnetic field, frequency, and deformation were studied. The parameters related to the MR material itself were analyzed with the obtained data. The present study reveals that considering the sensitivity to magnetic field parameter, composite materials having the most suitable properties were produced with Shore 2 hardness value and SQ magnetic powder. It had been observed on increase about 200% at the rate of Shore A10 and A2 as a result of comparing the hardness scale. Also according to the powder rate while there was an increase on worth effect of relative MR, it is seen that the biggest increase had been in SQ powder with 199% worth. When looked some studies in literature, about comparing different hardness values such as matrix materials powder types etc. there aren’t any studies. The state of magnetic field thinks that features such as MR effect, Storage, and Loss modulus haven’t been examined yet.

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Effect of Volume Fraction on Shear Mode Properties of Fe-Co and Fe-Ni Filled Magneto-Rheological Elastomers

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Liquid Metal + x: A Review of Multiphase Composites Containing Liquid Metal and Other (x) Fillers

Liquid Metal + x: A Review of Multiphase Composites Containing Liquid Metal and Other (x) Fillers

Stretchable Magneto-Mechanical Configurations with High Magnetic Sensitivity Based on “Gel-Type” Soft Rubber for Intelligent Applications

Determination of shear behavior of magneto-rheological elastomers under harmonic loading

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