Effect of water and geological factors on the long-term stability of fracture zones in the Päijänne Tunnel, Finland: a case study

Lipponen, Annukka; Manninen, S.; Niini, H.; Rönkä, Esa

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.05.006

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Due to the complexity of geological formations, variations in the mechanical properties of rocks/soils surrounding a tunnel, and the highly indeterminate characteristics of a tunnel's structure, the behavior of a tunnel, including those under construction or in operation, usually varies among different locations (Lipponen et al, 2005;Kim and Eisenstein, 2006). Many factors can affect tunnel stability, resulting in various anomalies on the lining structure of a tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing crack patterns on tunnel linings associated with shear deformation induced by instability of neighboring slopes

Wang

2010

Engineering Geology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing crack patterns on tunnel linings associated with shear deformation induced by instability of neighboring slopes

Wang

2010

Engineering Geology

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“…Damage often appears in tunnel structures, which may affect the stability of the tunnel [3,4]. However, the cause of tunnel damage is not easily identified due to various complex influencing factors [5,6]. In view of previous studies, tunnel structures are mainly suffered from harsh geological or topographical environments around the tunnel site [7][8][9], insufficient bearing capacity [10], unexpected external load [11,12], and degraded material properties [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Investigation of Tunnel Lining with Cavities around Surrounding Rocks

Fang

Cheng

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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This paper presents a systematical numerical investigation into the lining performance of a tunnel with cavities around surrounding rocks, focusing on the influences of cavity size and multicavity distribution. The study demonstrates that the cavities around surrounding rocks have much influence on tunnel stability and may induce damages in tunnel structures, in which cavity width has a more severe effect on the stress state of tunnel structures than cavity depth. Moreover, the numerical investigation also illustrates that the nonadjacent distribution of multicavities has more serious influence on tunnel structures than that from adjacent distribution of multicavities as well as that from a single cavity.

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“…the technical considerations also had an impact and consequently the lack of reinforcement does not necessarily mean that there is no fracturing. The proportion of steel-mesh or bolt reinforcement was found to explain approximately 65% of the variation in the rate of groundwater inflow in the tunnel sec-tions between 58.9 and 112.2 km, as discussed in further detail by Lipponen et al (2005).…”

Section: Features Governing the Groundwater Inflow Into The Päijänne mentioning

confidence: 83%

Linking regional‐scale lineaments to local‐scale fracturing and groundwater inflow into the Päijänne water‐conveyance tunnel, Finland

Lipponen

Airo

2005

Near Surface Geophysics

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Potential structural or lithological controls of groundwater flow into the mostly rock‐surfaced Päijänne water‐conveyance tunnel in southern Finland were investigated by integrating geological, hydrogeological and aerogeophysical data. Fracture‐zone geometry and distribution, interpreted from processed aeromagnetic images, and topographic and geological information are compared for three different sections of the Päijänne Tunnel. Documented observations on fracturing and ground‐water inflow from inside the tunnel provide subsurface information on the fractures and their hydraulic properties. Topographic and aeromagnetic lineaments both exhibit general NE–SW and NW–SE orientations at a regional scale. Based on the aeromagnetic interpretation, bedrock fractures intersecting the tunnel are part of a regional fracture network and their evolution can be connected to the main tectonic stages in southern Finland. Their distribution is lithologically controlled and reflects the rock type and its structure. For more detailed scales, a superficial deposit relief map is a powerful tool for obtaining a more accurate location of fracture zones and for evaluating their connection to superficial deposits as possible groundwater reservoirs. Depending on the scale, integrated interpretation using both topographic and aeromagnetic data gives the best results, particularly when supported by independent verification such as the observed fracturing inside the tunnel. NW–SE appears to be the most common strike trend among the measured fractures linked with water inflow. In the magnetic data, this orientation is displayed (1) as swarms of short, faint signatures indicating brittle, shallow features, and (2) as extended, broad, linear magnetic gradients denoting block boundaries. Their lengths, of tens to hundreds of kilometres, suggest that they may also be deep‐reaching. The coincidence and the parallel orientation of these two magnetic features of different scales suggest their genetic relationship: the faulted block boundaries were reactivated at later tectonic stages, resulting in brittle fracturing along the same earlier structural weakness zones. Many of the locations where water‐conducting fracturing occurs, or where groundwater inflow has been measured at a larger scale, are associated with intersecting or individual topographically interpreted fracture zones, especially NW–SE trending ones.

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Effect of water and geological factors on the long-term stability of fracture zones in the Päijänne Tunnel, Finland: a case study

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Characterizing crack patterns on tunnel linings associated with shear deformation induced by instability of neighboring slopes

Characterizing crack patterns on tunnel linings associated with shear deformation induced by instability of neighboring slopes

Performance Investigation of Tunnel Lining with Cavities around Surrounding Rocks

Linking regional‐scale lineaments to local‐scale fracturing and groundwater inflow into the Päijänne water‐conveyance tunnel, Finland

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