Effect of Waterlogging Stress on Dry Matter Accumulation, Photosynthesis Characteristics, Yield, and Yield Components in Three Different Ecotypes of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Waterlogging has a negative effect on peanut production, but few studies have focused on the relationship between the geographical origin and waterlogging tolerance of peanut varieties. To explore this problem, three different peanut ecotypes (Zhanhong 2, Zhongkaihua 1, and Huayu 39) were waterlogged for 5, 10, and 15 days at seedling stage (S), flowering and pegging stage (F), and pod-filling stage (P), respectively. The relationship between the ecotype and waterlogging tolerance was determined by analyzing the effects of waterlogging on dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and the yield components of peanut. The soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) values in leaves decreased under waterlogging stress, which led to a significant decrease in yield and yield components. The most noticeable effect of waterlogging stress appeared at the P stage and deleterious effects increased with an extension of the duration of waterlogging, where the yield loss was mainly attributed to the decrease in the number of total pods (TP) and the number of full pods (FP). Significant relationships were found between total dry weight (TDW), leaf dry weight (LDW), pod dry weight (PDW), TP, and FP, and the waterlogging stress tolerance index (WTI). Additionally, the waterlogging tolerance of peanut ecotypes is closely related to their geographic origin, where the most waterlogging-resistant ecotype was Zhanhong 2, followed by Zhongkaihua 1 and Huayu 39. Finally, breeding backgrounds and screening indices (SPAD, Pn, dry matter accumulation, and pod characteristics) beneficial to waterlogging tolerance breeding are suggested.

Physiological and Expressional Regulation on Photosynthesis, Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Response to Waterlogging Stress in Peanut

“…Previous studies have shown that the increase of photosynthetic capacity promoted plant yield, but our study was contradictory to previous studies. We found that the LDW/TDW and SDW/TDW increased under waterlogging stress, and this finding was consistent with our previous study (Zeng et al, 2020). Therefore, we speculated that the yield loss in this study might be due to the imbalance of the source-sink relationship caused by waterlogging.…”

“…The seeds of ZKH 1 and HY 39 are obtained from Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangdong Province, China, and Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Province, China. In a previous study, we found that HY 39 was more sensitive to waterlogging than ZKH 1 (Zeng et al, 2020). The yield per hectare, the number of total pods, and the number of full pods of HY 39 were more negatively affected by waterlogging than those of ZKH 1.…”

“…The yield per hectare, the number of total pods, and the number of full pods of HY 39 were more negatively affected by waterlogging than those of ZKH 1. At the same time, the tolerance time to waterlogging of HY 39 was shorter than that of ZKH 1 (Zeng et al, 2020). Seeds of ZKH 1 and HY 39 were grown in plastic pots filled with 35 kg of sandy soil on March 18, 2019, at South China Agricultural University (23 • 09 30 N, 113 • 21 52 E), in Guangdong Province, China.…”

Quantitative Proteomics and Relative Enzymatic Activities Reveal Different Mechanisms in Two Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Under Waterlogging Conditions

“…Waterlogging also affects metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis in plants. Under waterlogging stress, the photosynthetic rate in waterlogging-tolerant plants did not change too much, while it dropped rapidly in waterlogging-sensitive plants ( Zeng et al, 2020 ). In addition, waterlogging stress leads to oxygen shortage, which will trigger anaerobic respiration to provide cell energy ( da Silva and do Amarante, 2020 ).…”

Jute Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Approaches

“…This indicates the waterlogging tolerance of jute at mature stages. In another study, Changdee et al [31] grew C. olitorius plants in five different durations of waterlogging (45,60,75,90, and 105 d) and observed a reduction in growth and yield parameters with the increase in waterlogging duration. At 105 d of waterlogging, severe reductions in plant height (53%), stem diameter (36%), leaf area (73%), tap root length (71%), and yield (75%) were recorded over the control.…”