Effect of Yoga on Serum Homocysteine and Nitric Oxide Levels in Adolescent Women With and Without Dysmenorrhea

Chien, Li Yin; Chang, Hui Chi; Liu, Chi Feng

doi:10.1089/acm.2011.0113

Cited by 27 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Yoga poses such as cobra, cat, and fish reduce the severity and duration of primary dysmenorrhea (35). The severity of dysmenorrhea disorder and serum homocysteine concentrations decrease 8 weeks after yoga exercise (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Yoga on Women’s Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Kamalifard¹,

Yavari²,

Asghari‐Jafarabadi³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Scienc

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IntroductionWomen with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) show majority of symptoms, particularly during luteal phase, regularly every month. These symptoms are classified into 3 emotional (EM), physical (PHY) and behavioral (BE) categories (1). The common symptoms of PMS are: bloating, breast tenderness, headache, frequent urination, loss of appetite, insomnia, irritability, depression, lack of energy and increased or decreased of libido (1,2). Andrew et al (3) have shown that patients with PMS have lower work performance (27.5%), impaired working relationships (23.1%), disputation with their husbands (8.82%), relationship problems with their children (6%) and social relationship problems (41%). PMS interferes with the life of patients directly by treatment expenditures and indirectly by inefficient working hours, absenteeism and productivity (4) and requires cure and management (5). Routinely, women with PMS use pharmacological (1) and non-pharmacological approaches (6) to decrease the severity of PMS symptoms. Whereas, prescribed medications (alprazolam, progesterone, fluoxetine and gonadotropin releasing hormone) have shown side effects such as exhaustion, insomnia, headaches, menstrual dysfunction, decreased sexual ability, nausea and vomiting (1,(7)(8)(9). Recently, yoga as a safe treatment has also been introduced (10).Yoga is a Sanskrit word, meaning connection of the mind, body, emotions, logic and attention to the action. Yoga exercise is composed of physical (Asana), breathing (Pranayama) and mental (Pratt Hara) practices, resulting in health, relaxation and positive awareness. Yoga stretching practices with deep breathing and meditation strengthens muscles and protects the spine and joints of body (11). Evidences indicated that physical and mental health benefits of yoga occur through negative moderation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in association with sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Yoga exercise, negatively, via vagal nerves, regulates secretion of hormones (cortisol, glucose, plasma ҆ s renin, epinephrine and norepinephrine) into the bloodstream which are responsible for body functions (10). Yoga reduces the negative effects of induced stress to immune system by regulating positively the adjustment of immunoglobulin A (12). Additionally, yoga exercise reduces harmful inflammatory secretions, which make women with PMS, comfortable. Studies in India have shown positive impacts of yoga exercise on women with PMS on decreasing heart beats, blood pressure and anxiety (6,13). AbstractObjectives: Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) show emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms regularly every month. Mild physiological symptoms of PMS appear in 95% of women at their reproductive age. We hypothesized to evaluate the effect of yoga exercise on PMS. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted from April to October of 2015. Eligible women for inclusion were selected conveniently from women that had randomly referred to selected private obstetrics and gynecology clini...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Yoga on Women’s Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Kamalifard¹,

Yavari²,

Asghari‐Jafarabadi³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Women’s Health and Reproduction Scienc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea is commonly explained by "an abnormal increase in vasoactive prostaglandins originating in secretory endometrium and menstrual fluid, which may induce myometrial hyperactivity and uterine tissue ischemia and pain" [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, various psychological problems have also been proposed [8,9]. Secondary dysmenorrhea can occur many years after menarche and is associated with identifiable pelvic pathology such as endometriosis [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary dysmenorrhea can occur many years after menarche and is associated with identifiable pelvic pathology such as endometriosis [8,9]. Dysmenorrhea is characterized by cramping lower abdominal pain that may radiate to the lower back and upper thighs and is commonly associated with nausea, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, lethargy, breast tenderness and emotional symptoms [5][6][7]10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of alternatives for dysmenorrhea, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, acupressure, topical heat, behavioral interventions, relaxation, and herbal and dietary therapies, are increasingly growing in attention [2,8,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Yoga on Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Ko¹,

Le²,

Kim³

2016

Altern Integr Med

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Objectives: To assess the evidence for the effectiveness of yoga in the management of menstrual pain and the symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea. Methods:A search was conducted using CINAHL, the Cochrane library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and KoreaMed electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported effects of yogic intervention on dysmenorrhea published in any language between January 1966 and October 2014. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Results: Two potential trials were identified of which two were included in the review. Quality critical appraisal had low or moderate risk of bias. The available data could only be included as a narrative description. A significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups in pain intensity and pain duration (p<0.05) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p<0.002), follicle-stimulating hormone (p<0.02), luteinizing hormone (p<0.001), and prolactin (p<0.02) were decreased significantly in the experimental group, compared with the control group. Conclusions:There is evidence from two RCTs that yoga interventions may be favorable effective for dysmenorrhea. However the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the number of small RCTs and quality limitation partly. Therefore further high quality RCTs are required to investigate the hypothesis that yoga alleviates menstrual pain and the symptoms associated with dysmenorrhea, to confirm and further comprehend the effects of standardized yoga programs in dysmenorrhea.

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Exercise for dysmenorrhoea

Armour

Naidoo

et al. 2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Effect of Yoga on Serum Homocysteine and Nitric Oxide Levels in Adolescent Women With and Without Dysmenorrhea

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

The Effect of Yoga on Women’s Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

The Effect of Yoga on Women’s Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Effects of Yoga on Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Exercise for dysmenorrhoea

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