Effect of Zephiran Chloride, Tyrothricin, Penicillin and Streptomycin on Ciliary Action

The Use of a Radiolabelled Saccharin Solution to Monitor the Effect of the Preservatives Thiomersal, Benzalkonium Chloride and EDTA on Human Nasal Clearance

“…The effect of preservatives on the beat frequency of explants of ciliated tissue and transport rate of particles over a ciliated mucosa has been studied in-vitro (Greenwood et al 1946;Gallay 1960;Perrault et al 1978;Mostow et al 1979;Van de Donk et al 1980;Stanley et al 1985;Batts et al 1989Batts et al , I 1990. However, the results of such studies are equivocal and it appears that totally different results can be obtained depending upon whether mucus is present or not.…”

The Effect of Some Preservatives Used in Nasal Preparations on the Mucus and Ciliary Components of Mucociliary Clearance

“…A similar variability in its effect on CBF has been found previously; at 0.01% it was observed to cause ciliostasis within 5 min (Stanley et al 1985) and 45 min (Gallay 1960). However, ciliary activity was still observed after exposure to 0.1 % benzalkonium for 1 h (Greenwood et al 1946), and 0.01% benzalkonium for 2 h (Van de Donk et a1 1980). Benzalkonium (0.0 1 %I) halted transport over the frog palate, irreversibly, after one or two 10 min applications (Batts et a1 1989).…”

“…A number of in-vitro studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of preservatives on the mucociliary apparatus. Most have monitored the ciliary component of mucociliary clearance (Greenwood et al 1946;Gallay 1960;Perrault et al 1978;Mostow et al 1979;Van de Donk et a1 1980;Stanley et al 1985). In this paper we report the effect of preservatives on the ciliary beat frequency of explants of chicken embryo trachea, where the effect of mucus is negligible.…”

The lack of effect of benzalkonium chloride on the cilia of the nasal mucosa in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a combined functional, light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy study

“…widely used in nasal preparations and eyedrops. have been studied extensively and data on possible side-cfTccls ol" BKC seem inconclusive [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. with some in vitro studies indicating a ciliostatic effect of the preservative.…”