Effect of zinc soaps of rubber seed oil (RSO) and/or epoxidised rubber seed oil (ERSO) on the thermal stability of PVC plastigels

Egbuchunam, Theresa Obuajulu; Balköse, Devri̇m; Okieimen, F. E.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.002

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Many researchers have reported on the enhancement of stabilizing effect of metal carboxylates in the presence of epoxidized oils (Egbuchunam et al, 2007;Boussoum et al, 2006;Gonzalez-Ortiz et al, 2005). The effect of the native and epoxidized oils on zinc carboxylate of the oil was investigated and the result is presented in Table 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autocatalytic nature of thermal degradation of PVC and its poor thermal stability make the use of thermal stabilizers during processing imperative (Boussoum et al, 2006). Many compounds (organic and inorganic) have been used as PVC thermal stabilizers (Folarin & Sadiku, 2011) however, metal carboxylates stand out and many had been prepared from pure fatty acids and seed oils (Essien et al, 2012;Folarin et al, 2011a;Folarin & Enikanoselu, 2010;Fang et al, 2009;Egbuchunam et al, 2007;Okieimen et al, 2006;Egbuchunam et al, 2005;Gonzalez-Ortiz et al, 2005;Balkose et al, 2001). Seed oils will remain viable source of PVC thermal stabilizers as a result of their fatty acid contents and availability from different plant sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilizing Effect of Metal Carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Oil (BSO) on Poly(vinyl chloride)

Folarin¹,

Eromosele²,

Eromosele³

2013

ENRR

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Thermal stabilization studies of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in the presence of lead, cadmium, barium, calcium and zinc carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil (BSO) were carried out in air and under nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range 170-190 ºC. The stabilizing effects of the metal carboxylates were assessed by measurements of the time for degradation to attain 1% conversion, t DH and the corresponding rate of degradation, R DH . Kinetic parameters determined under nitrogen were higher than those determined in air indicating that PVC degraded less in air within the temperature range employed. All metal carboxylates stabilized PVC under the conditions employed for the study and showed a relative order of stabilization of Cd-BSO > Ba-BSO > Pb-BSO > Ca-BSO > Zn-BSO. At higher temperature (190 ºC) deleterious effect of Zn-BSO manifested after prolonged heating. This is corroborated by data obtained from measurements of intrinsic viscosity of degraded PVC samples and thermogravimetric analysis. Synergistic effect was not exhibited by the compositions of binary mixtures of Ca/Zn carboxylates investigated while Ba/Cd carboxylates at 1: 9 ratio exhibited synergistic effect on PVC stabilization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilizing Effect of Metal Carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Oil (BSO) on Poly(vinyl chloride)

Folarin¹,

Eromosele²,

Eromosele³

2013

ENRR

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“…The peak at 2920 cm -1 corresponds to -CH 2 -and -CH-stretching groups. The two peaks at 1257 and 1321 coresspond to -CH in -CHCl stretching groups [8]. The FTIR spectrum of ethanol extract in Fig.…”

Section: Surface Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In this study characterization of an emulsion type PVC that was used in our previous research [5][6][7][8][9] on PVC thermal stabilization, PVC-silica composite preparation, biobased plasticizer testing was attempted to be made. For this purpose PVC was extracted with ethanol and films were prepared by solvent casting or dry pressing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) powder produced by emulsion polymerization

Savrık

Balköse

Ulutan

et al. 2010

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The effect of emulsion process formulation ingredients on the morphology, structure, and properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) powder has been considered in this study. PVC powder was extracted with ethanol and films were obtained by solvent casting from tetrahydrofurane. Characterization of powders, films, and ethanol extract was performed through FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, AFM, SEM, EDX analysis, methylene blue, and nitrogen adsorption. PVC powder was composed of spheres of a large particle size range from 10 nm to 20 lm as shown by SEM. The specific surface area of the PVC powder was determined as 16 and 12 m 2 g -1 from methylene blue adsorption at 25°C and from N 2 adsorption at -196°C, respectively. AFM indicated the surface roughness of the films obtained by pressing the particles was 25.9 nm. Density of PVC powder was determined by helium pycnometry as 1.39 g cm -3 . FTIR spectroscopy indicated that it contained carbonyl and carboxylate groups belonging to additives such as surface active agents, plasticizers, and antioxidants used in production of PVC. These additives were 1.6% in mass of PVC as determined by ethanol extraction. EDX analysis showed PVC particles surfaces were coated with carbon-rich materials. The coatings had plasticizer effect since, glass transition temperature was lower than 25°C for PVC powder and it was 80°C for ethanol extracted powders as found by using differential scanning calorimetry. These additives from polymerization process made PVC powder more thermally stable as understood from Metrom PVC thermomat tests as well.

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“…Metal soaps from zinc salts have been shown to be effective thermal stabilizers for PVC. [34][35][36] The effect of the nanosized ZnO particles on the thermal stability of PVC powder was investigated using the 763 PVC Thermomat. The conductivity versus time curves obtained for the samples heated at 160 and 180 C are shown in Figures 8a and 8b, respectively.…”

Section: Application Potential Of Zno Nanoparticles In Diverse Areas mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Supercritical Ethanol Drying on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Egbuchunam

Balköse

2012

Drying Technology

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The synthesis, characterization, and application as polymers and anti-wear additives of nanosized zinc oxide particles obtained by conventional and supercritical ethanol drying are reported in this study. The nanaoparticles of ZnO produced by the two different drying techniques were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to elucidate the shape, size, composition, and stability of the nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were then applied to poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) powder and light mineral oil to assess their effectiveness and suitability as additives in diverse areas. XRD analysis revealed ZnO crystalline structure with average particle size of 24.7 nm for zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by supercritical ethanol drying while SEM showed well-isolated and monodisperse particles with average size of 61.08 nm.

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Effect of zinc soaps of rubber seed oil (RSO) and/or epoxidised rubber seed oil (ERSO) on the thermal stability of PVC plastigels

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Stabilizing Effect of Metal Carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Oil (BSO) on Poly(vinyl chloride)

Stabilizing Effect of Metal Carboxylates of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Oil (BSO) on Poly(vinyl chloride)

Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) powder produced by emulsion polymerization

Effect of Supercritical Ethanol Drying on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

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