Effect of Zirconium Addition to Austenitic Stainless Steels on Suppression of Radiation Induced Chromium Segregation at Grain Boundaries under Ion Irradiation.

Modeling solute-vacancy trapping at oversized solutes and its effect on radiation-induced segregation in Fe–Cr–Ni alloys

“…The result is consistent with work by Shigenaka et al [25] where a series of Zr alloys were irradiated with He + ions at 500°C. The alloys contained varying amounts of Zr.…”

The Mechanism of Zr and Hf in Reducing Radiation-Induced Segregation in 316 Stainless Steel

“…The addition of Zr and Hf as oversized solutes to 316SS was chosen based on a large body of work that shows them to be the most effective in reducing RIS, [5][6][7][8]13] due to their large size difference relative to the matrix material. The size difference between a solute and the host has been defined by a linear size factor (LSF) given by King, [14] which can be calculated as…”

“…Shigenaka et al [6] irradiated 316L stainless steel containing Zr with 400 keV He + ions at 500°C to doses up to 3.4 dpa, to show a gradual reduction in RIS with an increasing Zr concentration, until RIS was eliminated at 0.41 wt pct Zr. Sakaguchi et al [5] made additions of 0.5 at.…”

“…Electron irradiations [5][6][7] conducted on 316L stainless steel samples containing several different oversized solutes showed that the most significant improvement in RIS behavior resulted from the Hf and Zr addition. Shigenaka et al [6] irradiated 316L stainless steel containing Zr with 400 keV He + ions at 500°C to doses up to 3.4 dpa, to show a gradual reduction in RIS with an increasing Zr concentration, until RIS was eliminated at 0.41 wt pct Zr.…”

Effect of hafnium on radiation-induced inter-granular segregation in ferritic steel

“…It has been found that radiation-induced Cr depletion in austenitic steels and radiation-induced P enrichment in ferritic steels can be suppressed by oversized atom additions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Pt were added to austenitic steels [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and Hf to ferritic steel [10] to study the influence of oversized solute additions on radiation-induced segregation (RIS). Hf and Zr additions show the best suppression effect for Cr depletion in austenitic steels.…”