Effect of zonisamide on refractory epilepsy during pregnancy in lamotrigine resistant kindled rats

Sani, Reza Narenji; Keramati, Keivan; Saberi, Niloufar; Moezifar, Melika; Mahdavi, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.020

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For induction of LTG-resistant kindled rat, animals received LTG (5 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h before every PTZ challenge every alternate day for a maximum of 74 days and were observed for 30 min; seizure score was recorded according to the modified Racine scale [1 , 3] as follows: stage 0, no response; stage 1, grooming and hyperactivity; stage 2, head nodding and tremor; stage 3, bilateral forelimb clonus; stage 4, clonus with rearing; and stage 5, clonic seizures with loss of postural control. Rats were considered to be fully kindled when they were observed to have 3 consecutive stage 5 seizures.…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data for zonisamide effect on length and weight of 14 day-old rat pups and abortion rate and day in refractory epileptic pregnant rats

et al. 2018

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Length and weight of 14 day-old rat pups and also abortion rate and day on refractory epileptic pregnant rats after treatment with zonisamide (ZNS) are presented. Lamotrigine-resistant chemical kindling procedure was used for inducing of refractory epilepsy. For further interpretation follow the research article: Effect of zonisamide on refractory epilepsy during pregnancy in lamotrigine resistant kindled rats (Sani et al., 2017) [1].

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Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data for zonisamide effect on length and weight of 14 day-old rat pups and abortion rate and day in refractory epileptic pregnant rats

et al. 2018

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Evaluation of antiseizure drug efficacy and tolerability in the rat lamotrigine‐resistant amygdala kindling model

et al. 2019

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Objective The lamotrigine‐resistant amygdala kindling model uses repeated administration of a low dose of lamotrigine during the kindling process to produce resistance to lamotrigine, which also extends to some other antiseizure drugs (ASDs). This model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy has been incorporated into the testing scheme utilized by the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP). Although some ASDs have been evaluated in this model, a comprehensive evaluation of ASD prototypes has not been reported. Methods Following depth electrode implantation and recovery, rats were exposed to lamotrigine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to each stimulation during the kindling development process (~3 weeks). A test dose of lamotrigine was used to confirm that fully kindled rats were lamotrigine‐resistant. Efficacy (unambiguous protection against electrically elicited convulsive seizures) was defined as a Racine score < 3 in the absence of overt compound‐induced side effects. Various ASDs, comprising several mechanistic classes, were administered to fully kindled, lamotrigine‐resistant rats. Where possible, multiple doses of each drug were administered in order to obtain median effective dose (ED 50 ) values. Results Five sodium channel blockers tested (eslicarbazepine, lacosamide, lamotrigine, phenytoin, and rufinamide) were either not efficacious or effective only at doses that were not well‐tolerated in this model. In contrast, compounds targeting either GABA receptors (clobazam, clonazepam, phenobarbital) or GABA‐uptake proteins (tiagabine) produced dose‐dependent efficacy against convulsive seizures. Compounds acting to modulate Ca 2+ channels show differential activity: Ethosuximide was not effective, whereas gabapentin was moderately efficacious. Ezogabine and valproate were also highly effective, whereas topiramate and levetiracetam were not effective at the doses tested. Significance These results strengthen the conclusion that the lamotrigine‐resistant amygdala kindling model demonstrates pharmacoresistance to certain ASDs, including, but not limited to, sodium channel blockers, and supports the utility of the model for helping to identify compounds with potential efficacy against pharmacoresistant seizures.

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Iron-Mediated Synthesis of Isoxazoles from Alkynes: Using Iron(III) Nitrate as a Nitration and Cyclization Reagent

Lai

Liu

et al. 2017

J. Org. Chem.

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A simple and direct method for the iron(III) nitrate-mediated synthesis of isoxazoles from alkynes has been developed; both self-coupling and cross-coupling products could be successfully prepared from alkynes. Meanwhile, for the cross-coupling and cyclizing of two different alkynes examined, the iron-mediated system shows a good chemoselectivity for the synthesis of corresponding isoxazoles. In our method, cheap and eco-friendly iron(III) nitrate is used as the nitration and cyclization reagent, and KI is used as the additive; they both play a positive role in this transformation. Furthermore, a different mechanism for the formation of isoxazoles from alkynes has been proposed.

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Effect of zonisamide on refractory epilepsy during pregnancy in lamotrigine resistant kindled rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Data for zonisamide effect on length and weight of 14 day-old rat pups and abortion rate and day in refractory epileptic pregnant rats

Data for zonisamide effect on length and weight of 14 day-old rat pups and abortion rate and day in refractory epileptic pregnant rats

Evaluation of antiseizure drug efficacy and tolerability in the rat lamotrigine‐resistant amygdala kindling model

Iron-Mediated Synthesis of Isoxazoles from Alkynes: Using Iron(III) Nitrate as a Nitration and Cyclization Reagent

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