“…(2) and (4) could be used to account for the experimental results shown in Figs. 5-7, and this will be done via discussing the effect of both d m and dose on E at a particular T. Regarding the effect of d m on E, it is known that as d m increases the islands become larger and closer [13,14,29] and thus c will increase and according to Eq. (2) E decreases and eventually a does.…”