Effect of γ-tocotrienol in counteracting oxidative stress and joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis in rats

Abstract

Tocotrienols exhibit a significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in numerous human diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of tocotrienols in arthritic conditions are not well documented. Therefore, the effect of γ-tocotrienol supplementation against oxidative stress and joint pathology in collagen-induced arthritis in rats was investigated in the present study. Adult female Dark Agouti rats were randomly divided into groups: Control, γ-tocotrienol alone, arthritis alone and arthritis with γ-tocotrienol. Arthritis was induced using 4 mg/kg body weight collagen in complete Freund’s adjuvant. The rats were treated orally with 5 mg/kg body weight of γ-tocotrienol between day 21 and day 45. After 45 days, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione (GSH) assays were conducted. γ-tocotrienol significantly reduced the arthritis-induced changes in body weight, CRP, TNF-α, SOD and the total GSH levels. There was a significant reduction in the arthritis-induced histopathological changes in the γ-tocotrienol treatment group. The data indicated that administration of γ-tocotrienol resulted in a significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on collagen-induced arthritis; therefore, γ-tocotrienol may have therapeutic potential as a long-term anti-arthritic agent in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

Effect of Tocotrienol Pretreatment on Ex Vivo Superoxide and Peroxide Handling Capacities (Sphc) of Rat Serum and Brain

“…Although, Radhakrishnan et al [26] reported no significant deviation in body weight between the TT-treated and control groups, the difference in observations may be due to divergence in the dose of TT used. Radhakrishnan et al [26] have used 5 mg of γTT/Kg body weight for 24 d, while 10 mg of TT is orally fed to each rat each day for 14 d in the current experiment. Interestingly, the groups of rats did not differ in terms of food intake, while the TT+group has consumed the noticeably higher amount of water starting from post-TT treatment.…”

“…Radhakrishnan et al [26] also have reported insignificant alterations in the serum SOD activity after 24 d of oral supplementation γTT (5 mg/Kg). No alteration in activities of serum catalase, SOD, GPx and GR has been noticed in any of the tested time points during the current study.…”

“…Nevertheless, elevated GSH has been noted by Radhakrishnan et al [26] after 24 d of γTT (5 mg/Kg) supplementation. On the other hand, no improvement in serum vitamin C and TBARS levels is observed in human subjects, even after 24 w of supplementation with TT-rich-fraction (TRF) of palm oil [27].…”

Paeoniflorin ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis in rat models through oxidative stress, inflammation and cyclooxygenase 2

“…A complete antioxidant defense system is well-evolved, and includes antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants and a variety of other mechanisms tasked with damage repair and re-synthesis (4). The coordination and complementation of the various antioxidant defense systems in vivo guarantee their stable and effective involvement in the antioxidative stress effect.…”

Effect of H2 treatment in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease

“…ROS such as •OH, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid are reportedly formed in the inflamed joints of patients with RA by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, xanthine oxidase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, in chondrocytes, activated macrophages and neutrophils [15][16][17]. Moreover, antioxidant therapy ameliorated arthritis in animal models; for example, α-tocotrienol exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on collagen-induced arthritis in rats,34 and the transfection of extracellular superoxide dismutase and catalase genes ameliorated antigen-induced arthritis in rats 35. H 2 quenches only harmful ROS, such as •OH and ONOO − , and it can permeate cell membranes and easily target organelles, including mitochondria and nuclei 18.…”