Effect of δ-Tocopherol on Mice Adipose Tissues and Mice Adipocytes Induced Inflammation

Abstract

IntroductionIn Japan, one of three adult men is obese, which has been a long-term social problem. Obesity describes a condition in which an individual has not only overweight but also excessive body fat. It has been shown previously that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 MCP-1 gene expression increases in enlarged mesentery adipose tissue with long-term obesity, which is followed by macrophage infiltration and activation 1 . Furthermore, inflammatory factors are produced form excessive infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. Finally, the inflammatory reaction in adipose tissue becomes increasingly aggravated. Acceleration of such chronic inflammation is thought to contribute to the onset of lifestyle-related disease 2 .Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin present in vegetable oils and nuts and has eight different naturally occurring

Delta-Tocopherol Suppresses the Dysfunction of Thermogenesis due to Inflammatory Stimulation in Brown Adipocytes

“…In this study, the ingestion of α-toc and δ-toc suppressed fat accumulation and hypertrophy of brown adipocytes in mice. We previously reported that α-toc and δ-toc intake significantly suppressed weight gain in these mice (Table S2) 10) . The results of this study suggest that the maintenance of thermogenesis and energy consumption in BAT is involved in the anti-obesity effect of α-toc and δ-toc ingestion.…”

“…The breeding conditions for mice are the same as previously reported 10) . Male C57BL/6JJcl strain mice (three weeks old, n＝25) were purchased from CLEA Japan, Inc. and housed individually in plastic cages in an environment controlled at 23℃±2℃ and 55％±5％ humidity, with a 12 h light/dark cycle.…”

Age-related changes in adipose tissue metabolomics and inflammation, cardiolipin metabolism, and ferroptosis markers in an aged rat model

“…In addition to its antioxidant effects, α-tocopherol can signi cantly inhibit the gene expression of in ammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in adipocytes. Dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol reduces the expression of in ammatory factors such as leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α in adipose tissue of obese rats [31,32], suggesting bene cial effects of α-tocopherol in lowering levels of oxidative stress and antiin ammatory effects in adipose tissue. In the present study, α-tocopherol content in adipose tissue increased in ASED and OSED groups (Table 2 & Table 3), consistent with other ndings [33,34].…”

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Food Ingredients on Mice Adipose Tissues and Adipocytes

“…In the future, we would like to conduct a step-bystep examination of the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of food ingredients using this obesity-induced inflammation-induced mouse model. From two papers, we found that both vitamin E homologs (αand δ-tocopherols) 2) and sweet basil extraction 17) have anti-inflammatory effects on 3T3-L1 adipocyte-induced inflammation in vitro. Unfortunately, neither vitamin E homologs nor sweet basil powder showed anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue in vivo.…”

“…Therefore, we speculated that vitamin E, especially αand δ-tocopherols might have antiinflammatory effects on adipose tissue. The experiment 2) was conducted using male C57BL/6JJcl strain mice. Initially, these mice were fed a basic diet for 1 week to allow them to adapt to the new environment.…”