Effective production of the biodiesel additive STBE by a continuous flow process

Monbaliu, Jean‐Christophe M.; Winter, Marc; Chevalier, Bérengère; Schmidt, Frank L.; Jiang, Yi; Hoogendoorn, Ronald; Kousemaker, Michiel A.; Stevens, Christian V.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.007

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A continuous glass flow reactor (Fig. 2) made of several glass fluidic modules and connected in series has been reported by Monbaliu et al [53]. In their work, the total volume of the reactor is 72 mL and the first two fluidic modules (FM01 and FM02) were used for feeding, preheating and premixing of the reactants.…”

Section: Development Of Continuous Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review

Nanda

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

200

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Development Of Continuous Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review

Nanda

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

200

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Glycerol can be further hydrophobized by the production of glycerol monoether ketals and acetals.F or example, the ketalization of glycerolm ono-tert-butyle ther with acetone leads to the formation of solketal tert-butyl ether (STBE)asapotential additive for motorf uels. [51,52] Under the conditions of catalytic reduction,s olketal isopropyle ther (SIPE;( 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)isopropoxymethane), ac ompletely hydrophobized glycerold erivative, can be formed on the reduction of solketal as ar esult of ar edistributiono fa cetone. On this basis, we also studied its synthesis from glycerol monoisopropyle ther (m-GIPE) by ketalization with acetone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The catalytic reduction of solketal ((2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methanol) over bifunctional heterogeneous palladium catalysts is proposed as an alternative to the synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers by the etherification of glycerol. The direct synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers from isopropanol and glycerol requires severe conditions (T=130–150 °C, p(H2)=20–35 bar) and a large excess of isopropanol to reach a considerable yield. The main reaction products in the catalytic reduction of solketal are glycerol mono‐ and di‐isopropyl ethers and solketal isopropyl ether. Solketal conversion over Al‐HMS‐supported palladium catalysts (T=120 °C and p(H2)=20 bar) affords a mixture of ethers with a high degree of conversion (87 %), 78 % selectivity, and excellent regioselectivity between isomeric ethers. Zeolite‐BEA‐supported palladium catalysts also exhibit high activity but much lower selectivity because of intense acetone aldol condensation. The effects of Si/Al ratios in BEA zeolites and Al‐HMS aluminosilicates and the amounts of supported palladium (1 and 2 wt %) on the properties of the catalysts at different reaction temperatures and hydrogen pressures are considered.

show abstract

“…In recent years, some studies of continuous reactive distillation, 29 as well as continuous flow production of solketal, from the reaction of glycerol and acetone, using homogeneous 30 and heterogeneous catalysts [31][32][33] appeared in the literature. Most of the heterogeneous catalysts used in the flow production of solketal were sulfonic acid resins, but the studies were carried out at high pressures to increase the solubility of glycerol in acetone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Continuous Production of Solketal from the Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of Glycerol with Acetone

Oliveira¹,

Souza²,

Mota³

2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A continuous-flow process at atmospheric pressure was designed for the conversion of glycerol to solketal, an oxygenated fuel additive, through the acid-catalyzed reaction of glycerol with acetone. Process optimization was performed by checking the influence of different variables on the conversion and selectivity. The variables examined were: residence time (12, 24, 60 and 120 min), catalyst type (Amberlyst-15 and K-10 Montmorillonite), catalyst loading (7, 3, and 1 g), reaction temperature (50, 40 and 30 ºC), molar ratio of the reactants (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) and solvent used to homogenize the system (dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide). The highest conversion (92%) was observed with 7.0 g of Amberlyst-15, reaction temperature of 50 °C, molar ratio of glycerol to acetone of 1:20 and dimethylformamide as solvent. In all cases, solketal isomers (five and six-membered ring ketals) were the only product observed. The results of solketal formation of this study, carried out at atmospheric pressure, were similar to other studies with pressures of up to 120 bar. The utilization of higher catalyst loading and molar ratio of reactants compensate the use of atmospheric pressure to achieve high conversion levels and selectivity to the desired product.

show abstract

Effective production of the biodiesel additive STBE by a continuous flow process

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review

Catalytic conversion of glycerol for sustainable production of solketal as a fuel additive: A review

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

Atmospheric Pressure Continuous Production of Solketal from the Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of Glycerol with Acetone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About