Effective use of strontium-89 in osseous metastases

Abstract

Bone is one of the organs to which cancer metastasizes most frequently. However, it is not a vital organ, therefore, survival after the occurrence of osseous metastasis is relatively favorable. Improvements of medical treatment bring prolonged survival to patients with osseous metastases. But this makes us to recognize the importance of quality of life (QOL) due to several factors, including pain. It is important for oncologists to know how to deal with such painful osseous metastases, as pain relief may enable patients to live their remaining lives to the fullest. Strontium-89 (89Sr) has been used worldwide as in Japan, while being reported to have positive effects on pain relief and QOL improvement in patients with osseous metastases. This review paper is aimed to present not only the history, roles, and medical characters of 89Sr, but also new aspects, such as how to use bone turnover markers, which location of osseous metastases is suitable for effective use of 89Sr.

Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Human Tumors

“…An optimal half-life for isotopes used for radionuclide therapy ranges from six hours to seven days [ 11 ]. The only exception is the isotope 89 Sr having a half-life of 50 days [ 12 ]. More short-lived isotopes are inconvenient in terms of delivery to the site of therapy and storage, while radionuclides with longer life span promote an increase of absorbed dose not only in the target tissues, but also in the surrounding areas.…”

Synthesis of Ionizable Calix[4]arenes for Chelation of Selected Divalent Cations

“…Three divalent cations Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , and Pb 2+ are in the focus of our interest, because they all possess radioisotopes with useful nuclear properties for various diagnostic or therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine [ 36 ], and are therefore suitable to prepare radiopharmaceuticals. The beta-emitter 89 Sr is applied as “bone seeker” [ 37 ], and 90 Sr is used for superficial brachytherapy of some cancers [ 38 , 39 ]. 131 Ba (t 1/2 = 11.5 d) is a γ-emitter for possible diagnostic uses and is discussed as a bone-scanning agent in scintigraphy [ 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

A preliminary study for the production of high specific activity radionuclides for nuclear medicine obtained with the isotope separation on line technique

“…The radioisotopes produced at SPES using uranium carbide which are interesting from a radiopharmaceutical point of view are: 89 Sr (Kuroda, 2012), 90 Y (Goffredo et al, 2011), 125 I (Schwarz et al, 2012Rodrigues et al, 2013;Shi et al, 2014), 131 I (Wyszomirska, 2012Chamarthy et al, 2011) and 133 Xe (Mathews et al, 2008;Al-Busafi et al, 2012). Feasibility studies using stable ion beams for the production of strontium, yttrium and iodine are described later in this work.…”

“…Nevertheless this can be regarded as innovative because of the possibility of producing them as carrier-free radionuclides. For example 89 Sr is produced by neutron irradiation and so it is carrier added, with very low specific activities values; it is for this reason used nowadays only in the chloride form (Metastron) as bone seeking agents for the palliation of bone metastases (Kuroda, 2012). Carrier-free 89 Sr produced with the ISOL method can be regarded as a new and innovative nuclide for molecule labeling and active targeting.…”