“…Moreover, traditionally safety performance has been measured by metrics such as OSHA recordable injury rates, Days Away, Restrictions and Transfers (DART) injury rates, and Experience Modification Ratio (EMR) that are gathered after losses have been incurred and cost assessments have been made. Such measurements are classified as lagging indicators, whose value remains questionable as they record data of incidents after facts (Hinze, Thurman, & Wehle, 2013) and fail to provide enough information for future safety performance in the workplace (Mengolini, & Debarberis, 2008). As an alternative, leading indicators are measures used to predict future levels of safety performance (Hinze, 2005), through monitoring current information about conditions, processes, and activities that can drive identification, elimination, or control of risks in the workplace (Hallowell, Hinze, Baud, & Wehle, 2013).…”