Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in restoring clinical, microbial, proinflammatory cytokines and pain scores in adolescent patients having generalized gingivitis and undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

Baeshen, Hosam Ali; Alshahrani, Abdulaziz; Kamran, Muhammad Abdullah; Alnazeh, Abdullah A.; Alhaizaey, Ali; Alshahrani, Ibrahim

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101998

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Several literature reports and meta-analyses have concluded that adjunctive use of aPDT results in significant reduction of PD and clinical attachment level gain (CAL) compared to conventional scaling in patients with periodontitis. [20,22] However, the mixed results in the present review with only 1 study showing significant reduction of gingival inflammation by aPDT [19] and the rest either reporting no significant difference [15,17,18] or better reduction in scaling group [16] might be due to the population included in these studies, which consisted of young individuals who were free of periodontitis.…”

Section: Gingival Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Another study by Abellan R et al [15] showed a similar trend with slightly more reduction of inflammation in the aPDT group, but without achieving any statistical significance. However, these were contradicting the Baeshan et al [16] study which reported greater reduction of inflammation in ultrasonic scaling (US) group compared to aPDT. The rest of the two studies had no significant difference between the scaling and the aPDT groups.…”

Section: Effects Of Interventionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…(Table 3) In the study by Abellan R et al [15] a low risk of bias was observed in randomization process, deviation from intended intervention, missing outcome data, measurement of outcome, selection of reported results. While Baeshan HA [16] et al and Nazeh AA et al [17] studies showed some concerns with respect to selection of the reported results and information on missing outcome data. Studies by Alshahrani A et al [18] and Kamran MA et al [19] had an overall score of 6 and 7 respectively due to inconsistencies in the assessment of outcomes, adequacies to follow up of cohorts and demonstration of outcome at the start of the study.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias/ Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an adjunct periodontal intervention in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy

Murugan,

Serab Husain

2024

IJOrthoR

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Photodynamic therapy in fixed orthodontic patients with gingival disease might be beneficial, being non-invasive and having accessibility to difficulty to reach areas like, interdental region with the presence of wires and brackets. This systematic review was designed to analyze the available evidence on the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling in reduction of gingival inflammation in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar along with hand search in relevant journals. Five studies satisfied the criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis of the systematic review. The results of the primary outcome showed adjunctive aPDT did not result in any difference in reduction of gingival inflammation (BOP) compared to scaling alone in fixed orthodontic patients. Only one study showed a significant reduction of gingival inflammation with aPDT, whereas it was better in the scaling group (one study) or no significant difference (3 study) in the other studies. However, aPDT resulted in significant reduction of most of the bacterial species count and proinflammatory cytokine levels in GCF compared to scaling alone. Within the limitations of this systematic review, there is no clear evidence that aPDT adjunctive to scaling has a better effect in reducing gingival inflammation in fixed orthodontic patients. Future studies addressing this area should focus on well planned standardized, long term RCTs that will aid clinicians in making a more evidence - based decision.

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Section: Gingival Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Effects Of Interventionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Risk Of Bias/ Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an adjunct periodontal intervention in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy

Murugan,

Serab Husain

2024

IJOrthoR

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“…The researchers demonstrated a significant decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 for both groups compared to baseline. For TNF-α, a significant difference between the groups was present at week four and for the second cytokine at week one [ 30 ].…”

Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Olek

Machorowska-Pieniążęk

Stós

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Treatment of malocclusions using fixed orthodontic appliances makes it difficult for patients to perform hygiene procedures. Insufficient removal of bacterial biofilm can cause enamel demineralization, manifesting by visible white spot lesions or periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis periodontitis or gingival hyperplasia. The classic methods of preventing the above problems include, in addition to proper hygiene, ultrasonic scaling, periodontal debridement, and oral rinses based on chlorhexidine. New alternative methods of reducing plaque around brackets are being developed. There is a growing interest among researchers in the possibility of using photodynamic therapy in orthodontics. A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases and the following keywords: ‘photodynamic therapy’, ‘orthodontics’, and ‘photosensitizer(s)’. Based on the literature review, two main directions of research can be distinguished: clinical research on the use of photodynamic therapy in the prevention of white spot lesions and periodontal diseases, and ex vivo research using a modified orthodontic adhesive by adding photosensitizers to them. Methylene blue is the most frequently used photosensitizer in clinical trials. The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is mainly compared to the ultrasonic scaler as a single therapy or as an adjunct to the ultrasonic scaler. In their conclusions, the researchers most often emphasize the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing microbial levels in patients treated with fixed appliances and the possibility of using it as an alternative to routine procedures aimed at maintaining a healthy periodontium. The authors suggest further research on the use of photodynamic therapy to prove the validity of this method in orthodontics. It should also not be forgotten that proper hygiene is the basis for maintaining oral cavity health, and its neglect is a contraindication to orthodontic treatment.

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“…If not treated in time, it may develop to the deep level and lead to periodontitis. Early symptoms of periodontitis are not obvious and may occasionally show bleeding after brushing, similar to the symptoms of gingivitis [3]. However, by the time people find abnormal loosening of teeth, periodontitis has often progressed to the * Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gingivitis detection by Fractional Fourier Entropy and Particle Swarm Optimization

Yan¹

2021

EAI Endorsed Transactions on e-Learning

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INTRODUCTION: we propose a detection model of gingivitis based on feature extraction based on particle swarm optimization neural network with fractional Fourier entropy. OBJECTIVES: For the sake of reduce the diagnostic burden of doctors' frequent and high concentration. METHODS: Primarily, Fourier transform is applied to the collected image signal, and the entropy is extracted from the gingival image by Shannon entropy so as to get the input value. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was combined with the extraction eigenvector is used to detect whether patients have gingivitis in final. RESULTS: The experimental results show that this method can reduce the unnecessary space of image detection, reduce the complexity of image information, and achieve a sensitivity of 79.00±1.61%, specificity of 80.89±1.87% and accuracy of 79.94±0.96%. CONCLUSION: This optimized algorithm can effectively and accurately cluster the sample data, and the accuracy is also higher than the advanced gingival image diagnosis method, making the gingivitis diagnosis more accurate. Our neural network has good trainability and recognition ability, which makes a unique contribution to medically intelligent detection methods for gingival treatment.

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Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in restoring clinical, microbial, proinflammatory cytokines and pain scores in adolescent patients having generalized gingivitis and undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an adjunct periodontal intervention in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy

Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an adjunct periodontal intervention in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy

Photodynamic Therapy in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Gingivitis detection by Fractional Fourier Entropy and Particle Swarm Optimization

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