Effectiveness of bilingual education in Cambodia: a longitudinal comparative case study of ethnic minority children in bilingual and monolingual schools

Integrating Multilingual Education with Child Friendly Schools to develop an evidence-referenced monitoring system

“…I have aligned MLE principles, arguments, and focus (CARE, 2015;Lee et al, 2014;Benson, 2005;Kosonen, 2005, Lopez, 2012Pinnock et al, 2011) with the six CFS dimensions (UNICEF, 2006). In this alignment, I have made a judgment to whether there is a 'fit' of the principles, arguments and focus to the CFS dimensions.…”

“…The purpose of the consultancy on which this paper is based was to provide advice on how to incorporate MLE assessment in the CFS monitoring framework based on my previous research (Lee, Watt, & Frawley, 2014), good practices in the region, and relevant research. I conducted a desk-based review of all existing documentation to synthesize the relevant data in order to undertake content analysis.…”

“…Multi-lingual Education Benson (2002) states that the use of first language instruction in school is the most efficient for early literacy upon which to base learning of additional languages and literacies as well as other curricular content. Some of the advantages and benefits of first languagebased education (CARE, 2015;Lee et al, 2014;Benson, 2005;Kosonen, 2005) are that:…”

“…The same is required for MLE contexts. In 2016, I was employed as a consultant by CARE Cambodia to provide advice on how to incorporate MLE assessment in the CFS monitoring framework based on my previous research (Lee, Watt, & Frawley, 2014), good practices in the region, and relevant research.…”

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“…Another noticeable trend in Southeast Asia is to tackle the problem of vernaculars in education, especially in Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. A study conducted by Lee, Watt, and Frawley (2014) suggested that bilingual education using first language instruction was beneficial for the minority students in terms of mathematics achievement. Escott (2000) claimed that minority ethnic groups preferred NFE due to its local operation, language, and adaptive curriculum.…”