Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing infection and disease severity: a case-control study from an Eastern State of India

Singh, Chandramani; Naik, Bijaya Nanda; Pandey, Sanjay Kumar; Biswas, Bijit; Pati, Binod Kumar; Verma, Manisha; Singh, Prabhat Kumar

doi:10.1017/s0950268821002247

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results are in line with the findings reported by Singh et al where individuals with FV had a lower likelihood of having severe disease on initial presentation to the hospital (18.2%) compared to PV (31.8%) and unvaccinated (42.6%) cases (P 0.022). 23 Overall, FV patients were found to have a lower likelihood of experiencing severe disease (30.3%) during their illness compared to PV (51.3%) and unvaccinated (54.1%) cases in the same study (P 0.035). 23 Similarly, Mhawish et al reported more patients from the non-immunized group to have higher severity categories while fewer non-immunized individuals were in the lower severity categories compared to immunized people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“… 23 Overall, FV patients were found to have a lower likelihood of experiencing severe disease (30.3%) during their illness compared to PV (51.3%) and unvaccinated (54.1%) cases in the same study (P 0.035). 23 Similarly, Mhawish et al reported more patients from the non-immunized group to have higher severity categories while fewer non-immunized individuals were in the lower severity categories compared to immunized people. 24 In addition, the same study found that at least one dose of immunization was related to a diminished odds of higher severity scale (OR 0.2; P < 0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Singh et al investigated 577 COVID-19 cases that were matched with control cases and reported that the highest median length of stay was in the unvaccinated group of 12 days (P 0.028). 23 In addition, Olson et al found that the median length of hospital stay was longer in unvaccinated patients compared to vaccinated patients. 25 We also found a higher need for ICU admission OR 4.7 (P <0.001) and mechanical ventilation OR 3.6 (P <0.001) in the unvaccinated group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus on the Outcome of COVID-19 Disease

Alkhafaji¹,

Argan²,

AlBahrani³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading infection that is on the rise. New variants are continuously appearing with variable degrees of lethality and infectivity. The extensive work since the start of the pandemic has led to the evolution of COVID-19 vaccines with varying mechanisms. We aim to determine real-world data by looking at the different clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on the rate of hospitalization, severity, and mortality. Methodology A retrospective observational study included 624 patients with COVID-19 infection who were hospitalized at King Fahad Hospital of the University and King Fahad Military Medical City between April and July 2021. The cohort was divided into 3 groups: unvaccinated, partially vaccinated (PV), and fully vaccinated (FV). The severity and outcome of COVID-19 disease were compared among the three groups. Among the vaccinated group, we studied the effect of vaccine type on the severity and outcome of COVID-19 disease. Results We found that 70.4% of patients with COVID-19 disease who required hospitalization were unvaccinated. Un-vaccination was a significant predictor of critical COVID-19 disease (OR 2.31; P <0.001), whereas full vaccination was associated with significantly milder disease severity (OR 0.36; P 0.01). Moreover, un-vaccination status was an independent predictor of longer hospitalization (OR 3.0; P <0.001), a higher requirement for ICU admission (OR 4.7; P <0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR 3.6; P <0.001), and death (OR 4.8; P <0.001), whereas the FV group had a lower risk of ICU admission (OR 0.49; P 0.045). Unvaccinated patients with comorbidities had worse severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection (P<0.05). Both vaccine types (Pfizer and AstraZeneca) had similar protective effects against the worst outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccination has been shown to be effective in reducing hospitalization, the severity of COVID-19 infection, and improving outcomes, especially in high-risk group patients. COVID-19 vaccination programs should continue to improve the outcome of such a disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus on the Outcome of COVID-19 Disease

Alkhafaji¹,

Argan²,

AlBahrani³

et al. 2022

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As infections increased, it became clear that the Delta strain dominated the vaccine breakthrough cases (1,2). While the overall efficacy of the approved Indian vaccines was low for Delta infections, their effectiveness in preventing severe infections ranged from 70% ->90% depending on the population (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Delta and Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk: Lessons for Emerging Breakthrough infections

Sriraman

Shaikh

Vaswani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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With the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and implementation of mass-scale interventions like vaccination, understanding factors affecting disease transmission has critical implications for control efforts. Here we used a simple adapted N95 mask sampling method to demonstrate the impact of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination on 92 COVID-19 patients to expel virus into the air translating to a transmission risk. Between July and September 2021, when the Delta was the dominant circulating strain in Mumbai, we noted a two-fold increase in the proportion of people expelling virus (95%), about an eighty-fold increase in median viral load and a three-fold increase in high emitter type (41%; people expelling >1000 viral copy numbers in 30 minutes) compared to initial strains of 2020. Eight percent of these patients continued to be high emitters even after eight days of symptom onset, suggesting a probable increased transmission risk for Delta strain even at this stage. There was no significant difference in expelling pattern between partial, full and un-vaccinated individuals suggesting similar transmission risk. We noted significantly more infections among vaccinated study patients and their household members than unvaccinated, probably due to increased duration from vaccination and/or increased risk behaviour upon vaccination due to lower perceived threat. This study provides biological evidence for possible continued transmission of the Delta strain even with vaccination, emphasizing the need to continue COVID-19 appropriate behaviour. The study also indicates that the mask method may be useful for screening future vaccine candidates, therapeutics or interventions for their ability to block transmission.

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“…As no vaccine is 100% effective, some vaccinated individuals get infected [ 3 ]. However, it is expected that these individuals will have a less severe form of infection, less frequent hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Severity of COVID 19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated vs. Non-vaccinated Patients in the Second Wave: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India

Bajpai¹,

Kant²,

Verma³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by SARS CoV-2 that emerged in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly spread worldwide. The mortality rate of critically ill COVID-19 patients is high. Objective: To assess the severity, different clinical symptoms, and comorbidities of COVID-19 pneumonia in vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated patients. Methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 142 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, comorbidities, severity, and outcomes were also assessed. Results: Of the 142 patients, 92 (64.8%) were males, with a mean age of (56.00±14.81) years. Among them, 62 (43.7%) were aged above 60 years. Of these, 92 (64.7%) had comorbidities. The patients were divided into two groups: unvaccinated and those who received at least one dose of the vaccine within six months. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar except for gender. In the vaccinated group, most of the patients were males. Most patients in the non-vaccinated group had a severe illness, whereas most patients in the vaccinated group had mild to moderate disease. Only 26% of the vaccinated group experienced severe illness compared to 71.5% in the unvaccinated group. In addition, the all-cause 30-day mortality in the non-vaccinated population was higher than that in the vaccinated population. However, this difference was not statistically significant (12.5% vs. 7.1%). On the contrary, there was no difference in the length of the intensive care unit or total hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 had the worst outcome in the unvaccinated patients. Most partially vaccinated patients got infected before developing immunity, and a small percentage of completely immunized patients who were infected were likely non-responders. Receiving at least one vaccination dose significantly reduced illness severity.

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing infection and disease severity: a case-control study from an Eastern State of India

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

The Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus on the Outcome of COVID-19 Disease

The Impact of Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Virus on the Outcome of COVID-19 Disease

Impact of Delta and Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk: Lessons for Emerging Breakthrough infections

The Severity of COVID 19 Pneumonia in Vaccinated vs. Non-vaccinated Patients in the Second Wave: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India

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