Effectiveness of Er: YAG (PIPS) and Nd: YAG activation on final irrigants for smear layer removal - SEM observation

Sathe, Sucheta; Hegde, Vivek; Jain, Paresh; Ghunawat, Dhananjay

doi:10.4103/0976-2868.134110

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…DiVito et al (2012) reported that the lowest smear scores in the apical region were in the group in which NaOCl and EDTA were activated by PIPS technique with Er: YAG laser. Similarly, Sathe et al (2014) reported that the efficacy of EDTA was limited to coronal and middle regions in smear layer removal, but activity in the apical region was increased when EDTA was activated by PIPS technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It was reported that if the Nd:YAG laser is used with higher parameters than 2.0 W and 20 Hz, morphological changes such as microcracking and fissure formation might occur (He et al, ). Sathe, Hegde, Jain, and Ghunawat (), to compare the efficacy of different activation methods in removing smear layer, used 1.5 W and 15 Hz parameters with Nd:YAG laser and reported that Nd:YAG was more effective than conventional manual activation method. Therefore, the same power settings were used in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of several laser systems on removal of smear layer with a variety of irrigation solutions

Özbay¹,

Erdemir

2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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To evaluate which laser system is more effective on smear layer removal when distilled water or combination of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are used as irrigants. Ninety‐six human mandibular premolar teeth were used. Standard access cavities were prepared and the root canals were enlarged using ProTaper system to size F4 and divided into two equal groups according to final irrigation solution. In Group 1, distilled water was used, whilst 2.5% NaOCI and 17% EDTA solutions were used in Group 2. Each group was divided into four equal subgroups according to the activation procedure. In Subgroups 1A (Control) and 2A, no activation protocol was applied. In other subgroups, Er:YAG laser using photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS; 1B and 2B), Nd:YAG laser (1C and 2C) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (1D and 2D) were applied for the activation. Teeth were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy evaluation. Smear layer was scored at 1000× magnification in all thirds. The data were analysed statistically using Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test post hoc comparisons. The samples irrigated with distilled water had greater smear layer scores when compared with the combination of NaOCl and EDTA (p < .05). The efficacy of smear layer removal increased when using laser systems (p < .05). Smear layer was removed more effectively in the coronal and middle levels compared to the apical level (p < .05). The sequential use of NaOCl and EDTA is significantly more effective than distilled water in smear layer removal. Regardless of the type of irrigant, laser activated irrigation enhances smear layer removal. Research Highlights The use of laser systems for activation of NaOCl and EDTA is the most effective method in terms of smear layer removal. Photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming technique with Er:YAG laser was the most efficient smear layer removal method regardless of the solution used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of several laser systems on removal of smear layer with a variety of irrigation solutions

Özbay¹,

Erdemir

2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Seven remarked on better smear layer removal following Er:YAG laser treatment. The authors noticed that Er:YAG lasers were significantly more effective than Nd:YAG LAI and MAI, 49 PUI, 50,51 diode lasers, 52 and CSI. 30,50,52,53 They also had better results than ANP (EndoVac), Nd:YAG LAI, and self-adjusting file (SAF) 30,52 but this improvement was not statistically significant.…”

Section: Debris Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficiency of the Er: YAG Laser and PhotonInduced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS) as an Activation Method in Endodontic Irrigation: A Literature Review

Linh

Gaudin

2020

J Lasers Med Sci

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In the field of endodontics, lasers have been used for a long time for the optimization of Endodontic irrigation in particular. The laser-activated irrigation (LAI) technique is based on the photomechanical effects of the lasers at low settings. They create specific cavitation phenomena and acoustic streaming in intracanal fluids. More recently, a new technique with a Er:YAG laser has been used with sub-ablative energy (20 mJ, 15 Hz) and ultra-short pulses (50 µs). This leads to intracanal cavitation and shockwaves as a result of photoacoustic and photomechanical effects. This phenomenon is called photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS). PIPS and Laser activated irrigation are described in the literature as a revolutionary and powerful method to activate the irrigant; however, systematic literature on this topic is missing. This review compares the literature on Er:YAG LAI and PIPS on endodontic irrigation with other irrigation methods. An article search was performed on the PubMed database using a series of keywords related to endodontic irrigation, including Er:YAG LAI and PIPS; 59 articles were selected for the review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. No in vivo study was found. The Er:YAG LAI and PIPS outperformed other methods in 33 of the 59 articles. There was a great variety in the study designs including bacterial incubation time, laser parameters, irrigation protocols, and irrigating solution used. The evidence suggests that the Er:YAG LAI and PIPS are promising in canal disinfection as well as debris and smear layer removal. However, the large variety in the study methods makes the results less significant. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the efficiency of these techniques, especially in vivo studies.

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The effectiveness of the Erbium:Yttrium aluminum garnet PIPS technique in comparison to different chemical solutions in removing the endodontic smear layer—an in vitro profilometric study

2016

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This study evaluated the degree of endodontic smear layer removal using the Er:YAG PIPS technique (2.94 μm) in comparison with different irrigants. Sixty-four single-rooted teeth were endodontically prepared up to size #40 and were divided into 8 groups (a-h) (n = 8). Groups a, b, c, and d were irrigated with (3 % NaOCl + 20 % EDTA), (0.9 % NaCl), (3 % NaOCl), and (20 % EDTA), respectively. Groups e, f, g, and h were treated with (3 % NaOCl + 20 % EDTA + PIPS), (0.9 % NaCl + PIPS), (3 % NaOCl + PIPS), and (20 % EDTA + PIPS), respectively. The settings of the Er:YAG PIPS technique were (0.3 W, 20 mJ, 15 Hz, 50 μs, no water and air). The root canals were examined under a profilometer to evaluate the degree of smear layer removal using Hülsmann scores. The smear layer was present in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of groups b, c, f, and g. Groups a, d, e, and h exhibited open dentinal tubules in the coronal and middle thirds. However, none of the apical thirds showed open dentinal tubules. No significant difference was observed between the groups treated only with irrigants and those treated with Er:YAG PIPS and the same irrigants (p ≥ 0.0018). The Er:YAG PIPS technique did not show any improved results in removing the smear layer when compared to the irrigants alone. Moreover, the open dentinal tubules in some groups were a result of the chelating action of 20 % EDTA.

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Effectiveness of Er: YAG (PIPS) and Nd: YAG activation on final irrigants for smear layer removal - SEM observation

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of several laser systems on removal of smear layer with a variety of irrigation solutions

Effect of several laser systems on removal of smear layer with a variety of irrigation solutions

The Efficiency of the Er: YAG Laser and PhotonInduced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS) as an Activation Method in Endodontic Irrigation: A Literature Review

The effectiveness of the Erbium:Yttrium aluminum garnet PIPS technique in comparison to different chemical solutions in removing the endodontic smear layer—an in vitro profilometric study

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