Effectiveness of exceptional rainstorms on a small Mediterranean basin

Grodek, Tamir; Jacoby, Yael; Morin, Efrat; Katz, Oded

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.016

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This is consistent with other research in drier climates that linked precipitation-related erosion, channel scour and slumping in the Mediterranean (Grodek et al, 2012;Morin et al, 2007) to synoptic scale systems, although care must be taken in comparison of results in regions with different climates.…”

Section: Temporal Resolutionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gully morphology, hillslope erosion, and precipitation characteristics in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province, southeastern USA

Luffman

Nandi

Spiegel

2015

CATENA

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Section: Temporal Resolutionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Gully morphology, hillslope erosion, and precipitation characteristics in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province, southeastern USA

Luffman

Nandi

Spiegel

2015

CATENA

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“…In both catchments the soil is classified as Rendzina with clay texture in the top soil. The lithology of the upper parts of Dalya and Taninim catchments is concordant with other areas of the Ramot Menashe region (Grodek et al, 2012).…”

Section: Study Areasupporting

confidence: 65%

A framework for assessing hydrological regime sensitivity to climate change in a convective rainfall environment: a case study of two medium-sized eastern Mediterranean catchments, Israel

Peleg

Shamir

Georgakakos

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A modeling framework is formulated and applied to assess the sensitivity of the hydrological regime of two catchments in a convective rainfall environment with respect to projected climate change. The study uses likely rainfall scenarios with high spatiotemporal resolution that are dependent on projected changes in the driving regional meteorological synoptic systems. The framework was applied to a case study in two medium-sized Mediterranean catchments in Israel, affected by convective rainfall, by combining the HiReS-WG rainfall generator and the SAC-SMA hydrological model. The projected climate change impact on the hydrological regime was examined for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios, comparing the historical (beginning of the 21st century) and future (mid-21st-century) periods from three general circulation model simulations available from CMIP5. Focusing on changes in the occurrence frequency of regional synoptic systems and their impact on rainfall and streamflow patterns, we find that the mean annual rainfall over the catchments is projected to be reduced by 15 % (outer range 2-23 %) and 18 % (7-25 %) for the RCP4.5 sand RCP8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. The mean annual streamflow volumes are projected to be reduced by 45 % (10-60 %) and 47 % (16-66 %). The average events' streamflow volumes for a given event rainfall depth are projected to be lower by a factor of 1.4-2.1. Moreover, the streamflow season in these ephemeral streams is projected to be shorter by 22 % and 26-28 % for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The amplification in reduction of streamflow volumes relative to rainfall amounts is related to the projected reduction in soil moisture, as a result of fewer rainfall events and longer dry spells between rainfall events during the wet season. The dominant factors for the projected reduction in rainfall amount were the reduction in occurrence of wet synoptic systems and the shortening of the wet synoptic systems durations. Changes in the occurrence frequency of the two dominant types of the regional wet synoptic systems (active Red Sea trough and Mediterranean low) were found to have a minor impact on the total rainfall.

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“…These headwater studies suggest that there are fundamental differences in the frequency and magnitude of sediment discharge in the smaller, low-order drainage basins compared to the larger, high-order drainage basins (Walling, 1974;Graft, 1988). For example, sediment discharge from small watersheds is commonly ephemeral, and the majority of the long-term sediment discharge occurs during and immediately following infrequent heavy precipitation when suspended-sediment concentrations can rise to grams or hundreds of grams per liter (Tropeano, 1991;Coppus and Imeson, 2002;Milliman and Kao, 2005;Galewsky et al, 2006;Mano et al, 2009;Grodek et al, 2012;Conaway et al, 2013). Additionally, several factors can exacerbate erosion within and sediment yields from these small watersheds, including: ground shaking from seismic activity (Dadson et al, 2004;Hovius et al, 2011); vegetation clearing and sediment release after wildfire (Shakesby and Doerr, 2006;Malmon et al, 2007;Lamb et al, 2011;, glacial processes (Hinderer et al, 2013); shifts in climate (Galewsky et al, 2006); geomorphic change of the watershed landscape (Nearing et al, 2007;Nadal-Romero and Regüés, 2010); human-derived disturbances from land use and channel alterations (Trimble, 1981(Trimble, , 1997Owens et al, 2010;de Vente et al, 2011); and combinations of these effects (Madej and Ozaki, 1996;Pinter and Vestal, 2005;Warrick and Rubin, 2007;García-Ruiz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment yields from small, steep coastal watersheds of California

Warrick

Mélack

Goodridge

2015

Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies

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a b s t r a c tStudy region: Coastal watersheds of southern California, United States. Study focus: We sought to better understand the rates and variability of suspendedsediment discharge from small coastal watersheds (<100 km 2 ) of California. Suspendedsediment concentrations and stream discharge were measured with automated samplers near the mouths of four small watersheds (10-56 km 2 ). New hydrological insights for the region: The watersheds were found to have suspendedsediment concentrations that extended over five orders of magnitude (1 to over 100,000 mg L −1 ). Sediment concentrations were weakly correlated with discharge (r 2 = 0.10-0.25), and four types of hysteresis patterns were observed during high flow events (clockwise, counterclockwise, no hysteresis, and complex). Annual sediment yields varied by 400-fold across the four watersheds (e.g., 5-2100 t km −2 yr −1 during the 2003-2006 water years), and sediment discharge was measurably elevated in one watershed that was partially burned by a late summer wildfire. Dozens of high flow events provided evidence that suspended-sediment yields were generally related to peak stream discharge and event-based precipitation, although these relationships were not consistent across the watersheds. This suggests that watersheds smaller than 100 km 2 can provide large -and therefore important -fluxes of sediment to the coast, but that simple techniques to estimate sediment loads, such as sediment rating curves, hydrologic regressions, and extrapolation using global sediment yield relationships that include watershed area as a primary factor, may provide poor results.Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Effectiveness of exceptional rainstorms on a small Mediterranean basin

Cited by 38 publications

References 70 publications

Gully morphology, hillslope erosion, and precipitation characteristics in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province, southeastern USA

Gully morphology, hillslope erosion, and precipitation characteristics in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge province, southeastern USA

A framework for assessing hydrological regime sensitivity to climate change in a convective rainfall environment: a case study of two medium-sized eastern Mediterranean catchments, Israel

Sediment yields from small, steep coastal watersheds of California

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