Effectiveness of gamma irradiation for control of five species of stored-product insects

Watters, F. L.; MacQueen, K.F.

doi:10.1016/0022-474x(67)90049-5

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The high survival of T. castaneum after irradiation at low doses near 5 krad has been observed by Cornwell and Bull (1960), Watters and MacQueen (1967), and Brower and Tilton (1973). There is general agreement that T. castaneum can be completely controlled after 4 weeks by irradiation at 20 krad (Watters and MacQueen 1967;Brower and Tilton 1973). Our results showed that complete mortality of T. castaneum was obtained 26 days after irradiation at 10 krad and in 24 days after irradiation at 21.5 krad.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM ⁶⁰Co

Adem

Uribe

Watters³

1979

Can Entomol

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The radiosensitivity of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to 60Co radiation was determined at doses of 5 to 100 krad. P. truncatus was more radiosensitive than T. castaneum at 5, 15, and 25 krad (P < 0.05) at 8 and 16 days after irradiation but after 24 days all individuals irradiated at 15 and 25 krad were dead. At 50 or 100 krad all individuals of both species died in 16 or 12 days, respectively. Dose rates of 1.07 to 12.84 krad/min for a total delivered dose of 25 krad had no effect on the speed of lethal response. The results indicate that on economic grounds alone, it may not be justified to use 50 or 100 krad to accelerate the onset of death by 8 or 12 days, respectively.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM ⁶⁰Co

Adem

Uribe

Watters³

1979

Can Entomol

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“…The lesser grain borer, Nzpopertha dominica F., has a median survival time of about 6 weeks, but illustrates some of the difficulties encountered in work with shortlived species because the deaths of control, as well as of irradiated beetles, are spread out over a period of more than 6 weeks (Tilton et al 19663; Pendlebury, Jefferies, Banham & Bull, 1966; Watters & MacQueen, 1967). mortality and may therefore be somewhat misleading.…”

Section: Acute Lethality In Irradiated Insects ( I ) the Time-course mentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Ducoff¹

1972

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. Irradiation of adult insects of many orders leads to their death. There is considerable evidence that such death occurs during a limited time period, both the beginning and duration of which are relatively independent of the dose over a wide range. This suggests the operation of a specific lethal syndrome. In other groups of insects, particularly Diptera and many moths, either the absence of somatic‐cell division or the short life of the imago prevents the development of this syndrome. These latter groups require much higher doses of radiation for the induction of demonstrable mortality, and the time‐course of mortality is closely related to the size of the dose. 2. Superficially, at least, radiation death of adult Diptera is comparable to that of supralethally irradiated insects of the taxa which exhibit the specific lethal syndrome after lower doses. There are some observations suggesting that the nervous system becomes involved after these high doses, just as there are for mammals exposed to high doses. 3. There is also some evidence, very convincing in itself, although available only from a small number of experiments, that the specific syndrome observed after lower lethal or mid‐lethal doses is a consequence of damage to the midgut, particularly to its regenerative cells. This clearly is analogous to the intestinal syndrome of mammals; as in the mammal, the processes which intervene between the cellular damage and the death of the organism remain in the realm of conjecture or controversy. This appears to be one of several areas in which more detailed investigation of the radiobiological phenomenon is certain to provide valuable information on normal physiological activities. 4. The response of insects differs greatly from that of mammals in that effects on disease‐resistance mechanisms, both cellular and humoral, are not prominent. The dose required for unequivocal demonstration of such effects may be greater than the dose required to produce lethality. If endogenous infection contributes to lethality after irradiation of otherwise healthy insects, there is, as yet, no convincing evidence for it. Nevertheless, radiation may provide a useful tool for probing the mechanisms of disease resistance of insects, and for examining the regulation and the kinetics of haemocyte formation. In addition, irradiated insects might be used to select virulent strains of potential insect pathogens. 5. Quantitative information on the response of insect cells, either in situ or in zlitro, is virtually non‐existent. Insect eggs have been used in a few investigations of cellular phenomena in radiation biology, but the only data applicable to dose‐response relationships are those of Murakami (1969, 1970), who has taken advantage of the synchronous division that occurs during the early embryonic development of Bombyx mori. The usefulness of insect cell‐cultures in delineating growth requirements and in propagating viruses has attracted far more attention than their potential for radiobiological investigations and other st...

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“…Radiation commonly causes destruction of these regenerative cells and results in histolysis of the midg~t epithelium (Ashraf et aL 1971). Reduction in feeding by stored-product bee-' des has been observed after radiation treatments, with a corresponding decrease in feeding damage (Cornwell 1964, Watters & MacQueen 1967, Brower & Tilton 1973. Our earlier studies with Indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm feeding on artificial dlet showed that irradiated larvae ate less and eventually stopped feeding altogether (Johnson & Vail 1988).• Results of the present study corroborate those of earlier workers by showing that low doses of radiation reduced damage by Indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm larvae, even though larval mortality may be delayed several , weeks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage to Raisins, Almonds, and Walnuts by Irradiated Indianmeal Moth and Navel Orangeworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Johnson

Vail

1989

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Damage to raisins, almonds, and walnuts due to feeding by irradiated larvae of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), was determined. Larvae of both species were reared on bran diet. Age of the larvae when irradiated was 8 d for Indianmeal moth and 13 d for navel orangeworm. Larvae were irradiated with doses ranging from 337 to 497 Gy (gray) before transfer to almonds, walnuts, and raisins. Adult emergence was prevented by all doses. In products containing' irradiated larvae, damage was consistently reduced. The percentage 'of weight losses of almonds infested with untreated India!).meal moth and navel orangeworm larvae and of walnuts infested with untreated navel orangeworm larvae was significantly higher than the percentage of weight loss of those infested with irradiated larvae. Radiation also improved the overall appearance of the product by reducing webbing and frass. These results indicate that although radiation-induced mortality may be delayed, damage to product quality due to infestation by larvae would be significantly reduced. KEY WORDS Insecta, 'gamma radiation, Plodia interpunctella, Amyelois transitella MOST OF THE U.S. DRIED FRUIT and 'nut crop is produced in California (USDA 1985). A major problem in the production and processing of these products is the presence of postharvest insect in-festa~ions. Particularly important are two pyralid moths, the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner), and the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). The Indianmeal moth is ca

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Effectiveness of gamma irradiation for control of five species of stored-product insects

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM ⁶⁰Co

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM ⁶⁰Co

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Damage to Raisins, Almonds, and Walnuts by Irradiated Indianmeal Moth and Navel Orangeworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Effectiveness of gamma irradiation for control of five species of stored-product insects

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM 60Co

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM 60Co

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Damage to Raisins, Almonds, and Walnuts by Irradiated Indianmeal Moth and Navel Orangeworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Product

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About

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM ⁶⁰Co

RESPONSES TO PROSTEPHANUS TRUNCATUS (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE) AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO GAMMA RADIATION FROM ⁶⁰Co