Effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on intensive care unit survival

Sevinc, Sultan Acar; Metin, Seyhan; Basi, Nermin Balta; Ling, Jonathan; Çınar, Ayşe Surhan; Oba, Sibel

doi:10.1017/s0950268822000267

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Desai et al 31 stated that the length of hospital and ICU stay in vaccinated patients was significantly shorter than that in the unvaccinated patients. This finding was in contrast with those declared by Sevinc et al, 8 who reported no difference. This could be attributed to the participants’ age, different vaccine types (CoronaVac of inactivated vaccines), or a different variant of COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The rapid progress of multiple vaccines with different platforms resulted in the development of a negative public attitude toward COVID‐19 vaccination; however, COVID‐19 vaccines have been highly effective in curtailing symptomatic and severe forms of COVID‐19 and its associated mortality 8 . Moreover, a modest reduction in vaccine effectiveness was observed against mild disease with some variants; however, its effectiveness against severe forms of disease remained high at least 6 months after immunization with two doses 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced above 280 vaccines with different mechanisms of action against COVID-19. 7,8 Although herd immunity can be achieved when adaptive immunity occurs in a high percentage of the population worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, several attempts were made to produce vaccines to control the dissemination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and decrease the morbidity and mortality rates 3–6 . The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced above 280 vaccines with different mechanisms of action against COVID‐19 7,8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of different vaccine platforms in reducing mortality and length of ICU stay in severe and critical cases of COVID‐19 in the Omicron variant era: A national cohort study in Iran

Jamaati

Karimi

Ghorbani

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines with different platforms have been administered worldwide; however, their effectiveness in critical cases of COVID‐19 has remained a concern. In this national cohort study, 24 016 intensive care unit (ICU) coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) admissions were included from January to April 2022. The mortality and length of ICU stay were compared between the vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. A total of 9428 (39.25%) patients were unvaccinated, and 14 588 (60.75%) patients had received at least one dose of the vaccine. Compared with the unvaccinated, the first, second, and third doses of vaccine resulted in 8%, 20%, and 33% lower risk of ICU mortality in the adjusted model, with risk ratio (RR): 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.001, RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77–0.83, and RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.64–0.71, respectively. The mean survival time was significantly shorter in the unvaccinated versus the fully vaccinated patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80–0.88); p < 0.001). All vaccine platforms successfully decreased the hazard of ICU death compared with the unvaccinated group. The duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the fully vaccinated than in unvaccinated group (MD, −0.62, 95% CI: −0.82 to −0.42; p < 0.001). Since COVID‐19 vaccination in all doses and platforms has been able to reduce the risk of mortality and length of ICU‐stay, universal vaccination is recommended based on vaccine availability.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of different vaccine platforms in reducing mortality and length of ICU stay in severe and critical cases of COVID‐19 in the Omicron variant era: A national cohort study in Iran

Jamaati

Karimi

Ghorbani

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…But the sample size in this study was only 90, and the data were from COVID-19 patients over 65 years old. 16 …”

Section: Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

CoronaVac: A review of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

Jin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, has been widely implemented in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. We summarized the results of clinical trials and real-world studies of CoronaVac in this review. The overall efficacy for the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 (before the emergence of variants of concern) using two doses of 3 μg CoronaVac was 67.7% (95% CI, 35.9% to 83.7%). Effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths was more prominent than that in preventing COVID-19. A third dose inherited the effectiveness against non-variants of concern and increased effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes caused by omicron variants compared to two doses. Most adverse reactions were mild. Few vaccine-related serious adverse reactions have been reported. Moreover, three-dose regimen significantly increased the seroconversion levels of neutralizing antibodies against omicron as compared to two-dose regimen. This review of CoronaVac may provide a scientific basis for optimizing global immunization strategies.

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COVID-19 inactivated and non-replicating viral vector vaccines induce regulatory training phenotype in human monocytes under epigenetic control

Antunes

Sugiyama

Gravina

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundTrained immunity is the enhanced innate immune response resulting from exposure to pathogens or vaccines against an unrelated pathogen stimulus. Certain vaccines induce a memory like response in monocytes and NK cells, leading to modulation in cytokine production, metabolic changes, and modifications in histone patterns. Here, we hypothesized that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 could induce the training of monocytes in addition to stimulating the adaptive immune response.MethodsTherefore, we aimed to investigate the immunophenotyping, cytokine and metabolic profile of monocytes from individuals who were completely immunized with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine or non-replicating viral vector vaccine. Subsequently, we investigated the epigenetic mechanisms underlying monocyte immune training. As a model of inflammatorychallenge, to understand if the monocytes were trained by vaccination and how they were trained, cells were stimulated in vitro with the endotoxin LPS, an unrelated stimulus that would provoke the effects of training.ResultsWhen challenged in vitro, monocytes from vaccinated individuals produced less TNF-α and those who received inactivated vaccine produced less IL-6, whereas vaccination with non-replicating viral vector vaccine induced more IL-10. Inactivated vaccine increased classical monocyte frequency, and both groups showed higher CD163 expression, a hallmark of trained immunity. We observed increased expression of genes involved in glycolysis and reduced IRG1 expression in vaccinated subjects, a gene associated with the tolerance phenotype in monocytes. We observed that both vaccines reduced the chromatin accessibility of genes associated with the inflammatory response, the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine trained monocytes to a regulatory phenotype mediated by histone modifications in the IL6 and IL10 genes, while the non-replicating viral vector COVID-19 vaccine trained monocytes to a regulatory phenotype, mediated by histone modifications in the IL6, IL10, TNF, and CCL2 genes.ConclusionsOur findings support the recognized importance of adopting vaccination against SARS CoV-2, which has been shown to be effective in enhancing the adaptive immune response against the virus and reducing mortality and morbidity rates. Here, we provide evidence that vaccination also modulates the innate immune response by controlling the detrimental inflammatory response to unrelated pathogen stimulation.

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Effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on intensive care unit survival

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Effectiveness of different vaccine platforms in reducing mortality and length of ICU stay in severe and critical cases of COVID‐19 in the Omicron variant era: A national cohort study in Iran

Effectiveness of different vaccine platforms in reducing mortality and length of ICU stay in severe and critical cases of COVID‐19 in the Omicron variant era: A national cohort study in Iran

CoronaVac: A review of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 inactivated and non-replicating viral vector vaccines induce regulatory training phenotype in human monocytes under epigenetic control

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