effectiveness of indigenous local microorganisms in degrading hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in Batik liquid waste

Abstract

The batik industry in Indonesia has an IKM (Small and Medium Industry) scale so that it does not yet have adequate waste treatment. In the long term, waste is disposed of directly into the environment which can damage aquatic ecosystems and harm human health. Textile wastewater has a complementary picture and has a deep color. One of the most dangerous heavy metals contained in textile waste is hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Several ways can be done to reduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) by bioremediation. Based on the results of the literature review, it shows that the bioremediation agents from single isolate microorganisms that are most effective in degrading chromium with high efficiency are Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most effective consortium servers with constant reduction rates are the consortium of bacteria genus Mesophilobacter, Methylococcus, Agrobacterium, Neisseria, Xanthobacter, Deinococcus, Sporosarcina, and Bacillus by reducing BOD levels by 85.71%. The hexavalent chromium-degrading microorganisms are characterized by the presence of chromate reductase enzymes, mostly gram-negative bacteria, and a high growth rate.

Strategy for Liquid Waste Management for Batik Industry in Ulu Gedong Village, Jambi, Indonesia

“…Liquid waste from the textile dyeing process significantly impacts environmental pollution. The textile dyeing process with synthetic dyes is easier to process and makes the colors brighter and more mature, but at certain levels are toxic and carcinogenic (cancer triggers) (Dwisandi et al, 2021).…”

Chromium (VI) bioremediation potential of dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi

“…According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 32,589.6 Mt of chromium and chromium compounds were released into the environment in 2003, about half of which was landfilled [7]. In Indonesia, many sources of Cr (VI) are reported to be produced from batik industry waste with a range of 0.64-74.29 mg/L [8]. USEPA stated that the highest concentration of Cr permitted in drinking water is 0.01 mg/L.…”