Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of schoolchildren in the city of <scp>S</scp>ão <scp>P</scp>aulo, <scp>B</scp>razil, 2009

Gattás, Vera Lúcia; Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves; Mondini, Gabriela; Machado, Clarisse Martins; Luna, Expedito José de Albuquerque

doi:10.1111/irv.12328

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results found in this study are compatible with the upper range of vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 42–65.0%, which was demonstrated in Hong Kong and Sao Paulo, respectively [ 10 , 11 ]. In the CDC report for seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in 2016–2017, adjusted vaccine effectiveness for all ages was 40%, and for age group 9–17 years vaccine effectiveness was 36% [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Reduction in self-reported influenza-like-illness in school children and household members following influenza vaccine administration – a cohort study, Israel, 2016–7

Roseman

Bilenko

Mor

2021

Isr J Health Policy Res

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Background Second-grade pupils in Israel have been vaccinated against influenza since the winter of 2016–2017. This study aims to appraise the rate reduction of seasonal influenza vaccine among vaccinated children and their household members, and that of the vaccinated cohort and their household members. Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed in winter 2016–2017 in Tel-Aviv District, Israel and compared second-grade pupils who were vaccinated at school, with third-grade pupils- who were not vaccinated at school. Parents in nine schools were asked to report prior vaccination against influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) of their children and other household members. Rate reduction was defined as [(ILI among unvaccinated) – (ILI among vaccinated)] / (ILI among vaccinated) (%). Results Of 527 participants, 359 (68.1%) were unvaccinated and 168 (31.9%) vaccinated. Unvaccinated children reported more ILI compared with vaccinated children (19.5% vs. 7.7%), yielding a rate reduction of 60.5%. Unvaccinated children also had a greater number of physicians’ visits and missed school days (35.7% vs. 14.9 and 42.9% vs. 25.6%, respectively). The rate of ILI among household members of unvaccinated children was 34.5%, compared with 25.0% among household members of vaccinated children. The vaccinated cohort (defined as all children in second grade) reported less ILI compared with the unvaccinated cohort (defined as all children in third grade), with a rate reduction of 44.6%. Pupils of the unvaccinated cohort were more likely to miss school days (42.1% vs. 32.0%, respectively), and a higher rate of ILI was reported among household members of the unvaccinated cohort (35.4% vs. 27.3%, respectively). Conclusion Influenza vaccine administered in school setting reduced ILI among the vaccinated cohort and their household members by 60.5 and 27.5%, respectively, compared with the unvaccinated cohort. Expansion of the vaccination program in a school setting increased the public health benefit of influenza vaccines among both school children and their household members.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Reduction in self-reported influenza-like-illness in school children and household members following influenza vaccine administration – a cohort study, Israel, 2016–7

Roseman

Bilenko

Mor

2021

Isr J Health Policy Res

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“…While the existing evidence demonstrates that the introduction of seasonal SIVPs can have substantial health [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][26][27][28] and economic [29,30] benefits for the wider community, this and of 27 previous studies [15,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] suggest that the successful implementation of such programmes may depend on more qualitative, context-specific aspects. A review of SIVPs in high-income countries identified considerable administrative and logistical challenges to the successful delivery of vaccines in schools, including the choice of organisational and funding models, the logistics of vaccine supply and distribution, issues around staff capacity and workload, and communication with parents and students [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…There is substantial evidence of indirect protective benefits to unvaccinated groups from vaccinating school-aged children [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][26][27][28][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. However, the majority of evidence on the impact and cost-effectiveness of seasonal SIVPs comes from studies in North America and Europe, which have different vaccine financing mechanisms and influenza epidemiology compared to Singapore.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization currently recommends annual vaccination of children aged 6-59 months [3]. Data from high and middle-income countries show that seasonal influenza vaccination of preschool-and school-aged children can effectively reduce the incidence of influenza among vaccines [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], and confer indirect protection to unvaccinated individuals in the community [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acceptance and feasibility of school-based seasonal influenza vaccination in Singapore: A qualitative study

Offeddu

Low

Surendran

et al. 2020

Vaccine

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Influenza is a major cause of disease in children. School-based seasonal influenza vaccination can be a cost-effective tool to improve vaccine uptake among children, and can bring substantial health and economic benefits to the broader community. The acceptance and feasibility of schoolbased influenza vaccination are likely to be highly context-specific, but limited data exist from tropical settings with year-round influenza transmission. We conducted a qualitative study to assess acceptability and feasibility of a school-based seasonal influenza vaccination programme in Singapore. MethodsWe conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, representatives of relevant ministries, preschool principals and parents to understand their perspectives on a proposed school-based seasonal influenza vaccination programme. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsWe conducted 40 interviews. Although preschool-aged children are currently the recommended age group for vaccination, stakeholders suggested introducing the programme in primary and/or secondary schools, where existing vaccination infrastructure would facilitate delivery. However, more comprehensive evidence on the local influenza burden and transmission patterns among children is required to develop an evidence-based, locally relevant rationale for a school-based vaccination programme and effectively engage policy-makers, school staff, and parents. Extensive, age-appropriate public education and awareness campaigns would increase the acceptability of the programme among stakeholders. Stakeholders indicated that an opt-out programme with free or subsidised vaccination would be the most likely to achieve high vaccine coverage and make access to vaccination more equitable. of 27 ConclusionsOverall, participants were supportive of a free or subsidised school-based influenza vaccination programme in primary and/or secondary schools, although children in this age group are not currently a recommended group for vaccination. However, a better informed, evidence-based rationale to estimate the programme's impact in Singapore is currently lacking. Extensive, ageappropriate public education and awareness campaigns will help ensure full support across key stakeholder groups.

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“…The prevalence of cellulitis in the 6 randomized, controlled trials collated 45-50 in this review ranged from 1/143 to 1/22,070 injections with the mean being 1/5290 injections. If the 2 extreme outliers are excluded then mean prevalence of cellulitis is 1/2383 injections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepsis, parenteral vaccination and skin disinfection

Cook

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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ASBSTRACTDisinfection should be required for all skin penetrative procedures including parenteral administration of vaccines. This review analyses medically attended infectious events following parenteral vaccination in terms of their microbiological aetiology and pathogenesis. Like ‘clean’ surgical site infections, the major pathogens responsible for these events were Staphylococcal species, implicating endogenous con-tamination as a significant source of infection. As 70% isopropyl alcohol swabbing has been shown to effectively disinfect the skin, it would be medico-legally difficult to defend a case of sepsis with the omission of skin disinfection unless the very low risk of this event was adequately explained to the patient and documented prior to vaccination. There was a significant cost-benefit for skin disinfection and cellulitis. Skin disinfection in the context of parenteral vaccination represents a new paradigm of medical practice; the use of a low cost intervention to prevent an event of very low prevalence but of significant cost.

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Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of schoolchildren in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2009

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Reduction in self-reported influenza-like-illness in school children and household members following influenza vaccine administration – a cohort study, Israel, 2016–7

Reduction in self-reported influenza-like-illness in school children and household members following influenza vaccine administration – a cohort study, Israel, 2016–7

Acceptance and feasibility of school-based seasonal influenza vaccination in Singapore: A qualitative study

Sepsis, parenteral vaccination and skin disinfection

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