Effectiveness of mechanical debridement with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral yeasts in children with gingivitis undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy

Malik, Naif Khalid Al; Alkadhi, Omar Hamad

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101768

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the case of the GI, the results were comparable between the two groups. On the other hand, in the case of the yeast, there was a significant decrease in the amount of CFU/mL for the combined therapy, while the decrease for the US alone with respect to the baseline value was not statistically significant [ 32 ].…”

Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Olek

Machorowska-Pieniążęk

Stós

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Treatment of malocclusions using fixed orthodontic appliances makes it difficult for patients to perform hygiene procedures. Insufficient removal of bacterial biofilm can cause enamel demineralization, manifesting by visible white spot lesions or periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis periodontitis or gingival hyperplasia. The classic methods of preventing the above problems include, in addition to proper hygiene, ultrasonic scaling, periodontal debridement, and oral rinses based on chlorhexidine. New alternative methods of reducing plaque around brackets are being developed. There is a growing interest among researchers in the possibility of using photodynamic therapy in orthodontics. A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases and the following keywords: ‘photodynamic therapy’, ‘orthodontics’, and ‘photosensitizer(s)’. Based on the literature review, two main directions of research can be distinguished: clinical research on the use of photodynamic therapy in the prevention of white spot lesions and periodontal diseases, and ex vivo research using a modified orthodontic adhesive by adding photosensitizers to them. Methylene blue is the most frequently used photosensitizer in clinical trials. The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is mainly compared to the ultrasonic scaler as a single therapy or as an adjunct to the ultrasonic scaler. In their conclusions, the researchers most often emphasize the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing microbial levels in patients treated with fixed appliances and the possibility of using it as an alternative to routine procedures aimed at maintaining a healthy periodontium. The authors suggest further research on the use of photodynamic therapy to prove the validity of this method in orthodontics. It should also not be forgotten that proper hygiene is the basis for maintaining oral cavity health, and its neglect is a contraindication to orthodontic treatment.

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Section: Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Orthodontics: A Literature Review

Olek

Machorowska-Pieniążęk

Stós

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] This may in turn jeopardize the planned outcome of fixed OT by making the patients vulnerable to oral diseases such as gingivitis, dental caries and white spot lesions (WSLs). [6][7][8] It has been suggested that nearly 10% of fixed OTs fail in patients with a compromised oral hygiene status. 9 Therefore, routine OHM is of paramount importance for successful completion of OT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of herbal‐ versus chlorhexidine‐based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kommuri

Michelogiannakis

Barmak

et al. 2022

Int J Dental Hygiene

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Background and objective:The review aims to fill the gap in literature by comparing the efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes towards oral hygiene maintenance (OHM) in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT).Methods: Indexed databases were searched electronically to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for data gathering. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020182497). Risk of bias assessment, quality of evidence investigation and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate reported OHM-related parameters at time points before and after the use of chlorhexidine (control group) and herbal mouthwashes (intervention group). With 95% confidence intervals, mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate effect size.Results: Out of eight RCTs, results from one RCT favoured chlorhexidine and the results from a second RCT favoured herbal mouthwashes. Results from three RCTs showed comparable effects for the respective investigated OHM-related parameters.Chlorhexidine demonstrated higher antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in two studies, and one RCT found comparable antimicrobial efficacies. Risk of bias was low in two studies, and moderate and high in two studies each.Quality of evidence was very low to moderate for the respective investigated parameters. Sub-group analysis for parameters colony forming units (CFU) {SMD ( 0.40) [95% CI (−0.22, 1.03)], gingival index (GI) {MD (0.06) [95% CI (−0.08, 0.20)]}, plaque index (PI) {SMD 0.22 [95% CI (−0.23, 0.67)]} before the use of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwashes remained inconclusive. Conclusion:The comparison between efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine towards OHM in patients undergoing fixed OT remains debatable.

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