Effectiveness of primate seed dispersers for an “oversized” fruit, <i>Garcinia benthamii</i>

McConkey, Kim R.; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Saralamba, Chanpen; Nathalang, Anuttara

doi:10.1890/14-1931.1

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Khao Yai National Park still contains a high diversity of largely frugivorous arboreal mammal and bird species, including gibbons ( Hylobates lar and Hylobates pileatus ), macaques ( Macaca leonina ), civets (five species), bears ( Ursus thibetana , Helarctos malayanus ), hornbills (four species) and other smaller frugivorous birds such as barbets, orioles, pigeons, mynas and bulbuls (Lynam, Round, & Brockelman, ). Gibbons (Brockelman et al., ; McConkey & Brockelman, ; McConkey, Brockelman, Saralamba, & Nathalang, ; Whittington & Treesucon, ), macaques (Albert, Hambuckers, et al., ), deer (Brodie, Helmy, Brockelman, & Maron, ; Chanthorn & Brockelman, ), bears (Ngoprasert, Steinmetz, Reed, Savini, & Gale, ), hornbills (Kitamura et al., , ) and smaller birds (Khamcha et al., ; Sankamethawee, Pierce, Gale, & Hardesty, ) are all potentially important seed dispersers in the Mo Singto area of Khao Yai Park. The most probable seed dispersers of tree species in the Mo Singto plot are shown in Table based on extensive observations of Kitamura et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gibbons McConkey & Brockelman, 2011;McConkey, Brockelman, Saralamba, & Nathalang, 2015;Whittington & Treesucon, 1991), macaques , deer (Brodie, Helmy, Brockelman, & Maron, 2009;Chanthorn & Brockelman, 2008), bears (Ngoprasert, Steinmetz, Reed, Savini, & Gale, 2011), hornbills (Kitamura et al, 2002(Kitamura et al, , 2004 and smaller birds (Khamcha et al, 2014;Sankamethawee, Pierce, Gale, & Hardesty, 2011) are all potentially important seed dispersers in the Mo Singto area of Khao Yai Park. The most probable seed dispersers of tree species in the Mo Singto plot are shown in Table S1 based on extensive observations of Kitamura et al (2002) and Brockelman et al (2017).…”

Section: Animal Seed Dispersersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial patterns of local species richness reveal importance of frugivores for tropical forest diversity

et al. 2017

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Seed dispersal by frugivores, particularly primates, plays an important role in structuring and maintaining tree diversity in tropical forests. However, little is known about the effect of frugivores on the diversity of saplings and large trees. We used detailed census data from the fully mapped 30‐ha Mo Singto forest dynamics plot in Thailand together with spatial point pattern analysis to find out if the local species richness of small (dbh <10 cm) and large (dbh ≥10 cm) trees in the neighbourhood of large trees of 52 focal species was larger or smaller than expected by an appropriate null model. We then used binary data (+ or 0) on the seed dispersal network at the Mo Singto plot to test the hypothesis that the major primate frugivores, rather than other arboreal frugivores, generated patterns of locally increased species richness around their preferred diet species (i.e. accumulator effects). More than half of the focal species showed accumulator effects with respect to species richness of small trees (<10 cm in diameter), but accumulator effects with respect to large trees were weak and not consistent with those of small trees. Primate‐dispersed focal species (but not hornbill‐ or other smaller bird‐dispersed species) showed significantly larger positive effect sizes than the remaining focal species. Synthesis. Our analysis suggests that primates—as major drivers of contagious seed dispersal—generate species‐rich seed rain around their preferred food‐tree species, which results in significantly larger local species richness of saplings. This is likely a consequence of heterospecific seed rain that reduces negative density dependence, and the presence of the accumulator pattern which persists at least until the large‐size stage. Hence, extirpation of primates may result in significant changes in the diversity and spatial structure of tropical forests.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animal Seed Dispersersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns of local species richness reveal importance of frugivores for tropical forest diversity

et al. 2017

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“…Highly-effective seed dispersers can be equivalent or complementary in the interaction outcomes. Larger equivalence between seed dispersers may contribute to resilience of dispersal systems, whereas more functional complementary species can lead to a larger representativeness of microhabitats for plant recruitment (McConkey et al, 2015;Rother et al, 2016). The functional equivalence between highly effective dispersers allowed for high SDE in sites differing in human forest use, and increased the overall SDE when these dispersers coexisting in habitats suitable for recruitment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This quantitative component of the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE; Schupp et al, 2010) does not necessarily translate into higher dispersion quality. The treatment given to the seed and the characteristics of the deposition site often differ among seed disperser species and can therefore deeply modify the recruitment pattern defined by the quantitative SDE (Schupp, 2007;Loayza and Knight, 2010;McConkey et al, 2015). Therefore, both the quantitative and qualitative components of SDE must be taken into account in order to establish the consequences of seed dispersal by a particular class of fruit-eating animal on the recruitment of a plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increasing number of studies that evaluate quantitative and qualitative components of SDE in individual plant species (e.g., Godínez-Alvarez et al, 2002;Schupp et al, 2010;Blendinger et al, 2011;McConkey et al, 2015;Rother et al, 2016), empirical evidence on the spatial variability in seed dispersal roles of functionally similar species is still extremely scarce (Calviño-Cancela, 2002;Bueno et al, 2013;Schleuning et al, 2015). The limited evidence suggests that in simple systems defined by plants with a low number of disperser species, functional equivalence is at least low, habitat-specific, and context-dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Equivalence in Seed Dispersal Effectiveness of Podocarpus parlatorei in Andean Fruit-Eating Bird Assemblages

Blendinger

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Most fleshy-fruited plants establish strong local interactions with a few fruit-eating species across their distribution range, which can differ among sites and have a major impact for the plant population dynamics. In turn, human disturbances alter both the original animal assemblage with which plants interact and the outcome of the mutualistic interaction. Negative consequences of human disturbances can be weakened when different seed dispersers exert similar effects on plant populations, being functionally equivalent. To understand the consequences of variability in seed dispersers on the recruitment of a long-lived tree species, I assessed changes in the assemblages of avian dispersers of Podocarpus parlatorei in subtropical Andean cloud-forests, and how these changes affect the outcome of the interaction at different spatial scales. The seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) concept, defined as the likelihood of a seed removed by a fruit-eating bird to be dispersed to a suitable site for seed survival and germination, provides the framework to compare the contributions of different birds to seed dispersal. I compared the SDE in two old-growth forests dominated by P. parlatorei and a human disturbed forest, and in the main habitat types of these sites. In all sites, highest SDE values were provided by "gulpers" that swallow the whole fleshy cone ("fruit"), predominantly Elaenia and Turdus species. SDE was highest in forest edges and secondary forests, and negligible in other habitats. Equivalence in SDE was relatively low both within and between forest sites. Human forest disturbance modified the functional equivalence, the generalization in mutualistic interactions and the strength of SDE. Secondary forests showed the higher SDE and the greater richness of dispersers high in SDE; as a consequence, the ecological equivalence increased in the most suitable habitat for recruitment. This could lead to greater resilience of plant populations to local extinctions of dispersers, and allows the recovery of human disturbed forests. This study shows that in the replacement of functional equivalent species, the outcomes of the interactions are strongly affected by disperser abundance and habitat use, at the expense of dispersers' trait redundancy on plant population dynamics and community structure.

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The origin of cultivated mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L. var. mangostana): Critical assessments and an evolutionary‐ecological perspective

Yao

Nazre

McKey

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana var. mangostana, Clusiaceae) is often dubbed the "Queen of Fruits" (Fairchild, 1915). The fruit has gained great fame for the exquisite taste of its snow-white flesh and is widely considered to be the finest fruit of the world (Almeyda & Martin, 1976;Dahlgren, 1947). A typical mangosteen fruit consists of usually six carpels, each with a segment of pulpy flesh, which collectively constitute the endocarp. Each segment encloses an ovule, but usually only one or two develop into seeds (asexually produced) in each fruit.Mangosteen is the only Garcinia L. taxon widely cultivated at commercial scale for its fruit and has been introduced throughout the humid tropics. Southeast Asia is the major production area of

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Effectiveness of primate seed dispersers for an “oversized” fruit, Garcinia benthamii

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Spatial patterns of local species richness reveal importance of frugivores for tropical forest diversity

Spatial patterns of local species richness reveal importance of frugivores for tropical forest diversity

Functional Equivalence in Seed Dispersal Effectiveness of Podocarpus parlatorei in Andean Fruit-Eating Bird Assemblages

The origin of cultivated mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L. var. mangostana): Critical assessments and an evolutionary‐ecological perspective

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