Effectiveness of the composition of bokashi organic materials on the ability of biofresh biological agents in inducing resistance of three maize varieties to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani)

Abstract

The limited availability of fertile land and the existence of disease-causing pathogens are major obstacles to the development of maize plants. This study aimed to get at the effect of the composition of organic matters on the ability of Biofresh biological agents in inducing the resistance of three maize varieties to sheath blight disease. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor consisted of three levels, namely: V1 = Hybrid Variety BISI-2, V2 = Variety Pioneer-35, and V3 = Variety Pertiwi-3. The second factor consisted of three levels, namely: B0 = 100% inorganic fertilizer, B1 = Biofresh + bokashi + 50% inorganic fertilizer, B2 = Biofresh + Bokashi Plus + 50% inorganic fertilizer. The highest disease severity occurred in the independent treatments of V2 variety (38.19%), and B0 (49.25%), the highest AUDPC value occurred at treatment V2B0 (513.33% unit), the highest IPP was obtained at V3B2 treatment (52.78%), the highest increase in salicylic acid activity and peroxidase enzyme activity, from the vegetative phase to the generative phase, was found at V3B2 treatment, each at 1.34 and 1.21, respectively.

Standardized Organic Fertilizer Formulations and their Effectiveness in Enhancing the Role of Biological Agents to Increase Disease Resistance and Maize Productivity in Marginal Lands

“…The ability of standardized organic fertilizers to increase disease resistance and productivity of maize plants on marginal land is strongly suspected because standard organic fertilizers contain relatively higher and balanced macronutrient content, relatively higher levels of C-Organic but with ratios that meet the standards. and neutral pH, as well as the availability of micronutrient elements in relatively more suitable quantities for plants and other criteria in accordance with the standards, are supporting factors in fulfilling the availability of nutrients for plants and substrates for Biofresh biological agents, so that simultaneously able to increase resistance to disease and productivity of maize on marginal land (Khaeruni et al 2020). Las et al (2010) stated that microbial activity will convert organic compounds into inorganic compounds and produce organic acids which promote the release of nutrients for plants.…”

Revisión del estado actual de las investigaciones sobre Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

“…El control biológico es una estrategia para el manejo de enfermedades en plantas que ha tomado importancia en la actualidad, porque permite disminuir la incidencia de las enfermedades de una forma ecológicamente amigable. El control biológico de R. solani hace uso de microorganismos [42]- [44], enmiendas orgánicas [45], entre otros. Para [46], entender los cambios a nivel molecular ocurridos en los hongos fitopatógenos, por efecto de los controladores biológicos, es importante para mejorar el biocontrol.…”

“…En Célebes (Indonesia), se estudió el efecto del fertilizante biológico "Biofresh", un producto microbiano local compuesto por Bacillus subtilis st21e, B. cereus st21b y Serratia sp. SS29a, combinado con abono orgánico tipo bocashi, sobre el tizón de la vaina en maíz causado por R. solani [42]. Estos investigadores encontraron que la combinación de Biofresh, Bocashi Plus y 50 % de fertilizante inorgánico indujeron resistencia en variedades de maíz para el tizón de la vaina por aumento en la actividad del ácido salicílico y la enzima peroxidasa, lo que constituyó un control efectivo de la enfermedad.…”

Physicochemical Characterization of Fermented Bokashi Compost Produced on Farm in Southern Brazil

“…The use of Bokashi promotes productive increment and causes benefits in the production system, increasing organic matter, fertility, and microorganisms (Khaeruni et al, 2020;Lasmini et al, 2018;Viana et al, 2020). Besides, many agriculture residues can be used as raw materials, which allows producers to produce from available materials (Abo-Sido et al, 2021).…”