Effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Program for Yaquis with Obesity and Risk of Diabetes in the Short and Medium Term: A Translational Study

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health problem worldwide, and the main risk factor for its development is obesity. The Yaqui ethnic group of Sonora has serious obesity problems, resulting in an increased risk of T2D in its inhabitants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program on obesity parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in short- (6 months) and medium-term periods (12 months) in indigenous Yaquis of Sonora. The design is a translational clinical study of a single cohort with prepost intervention measurements in a sample of 93 subjects. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by comparing obesity parameters, metabolic markers, and physical activity 6 and 12 months with those measured under basal conditions using a paired t -test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The short-term retention percentage was 58.0%. There was a decrease in body weight ( Δ = − 3.9 kg , p ≤ 0.05 ) and other obesity parameters, and an increase in physical activity and improvements in metabolic markers ( p ≤ 0.05 ) was observed. Similar findings were obtained for the medium-term period; body weight loss was also -3.9 kg ( p ≤ 0.05 ). The short and medium-term results of the program showed improvements in the obesity parameters and other cardiovascular risk factors of the participants. These results support the effectiveness of the program and its translation in this ethnic group.

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Care Program for People Living with Obesity: A Real-World Experience in a Public Hospital in Mexico

“…The program retention rate was 65%, higher than other comprehensive programs for obesity in Mexico (40-58%) [15][16][17]. In this study, 98% of completers attended four or more visits (76%, including noncompleters).…”

“…Concerning weight loss, 40% of patients who completed the program were able to attain a clinically significant weight loss in the short term (≥5% within 6 months). This is a meaningful result since it falls within the range of 28.5–48% obtained in other clinics in Mexico but with treatment protocols based on the DPP and with financial support [15, 16, 42]. In our program, patients paid for their treatment (including medical consultations and medication), and nonsalaried employees, who are numerous in Mexico, do not receive income when they come to their medical appointments.…”

“…In this study, 98% of completers attended four or more visits (76%, including noncompleters). At-trition can be frequent among patients with obesity (10-80%) [15][16][17]38], but in this program, only 9% dropped out during the first visit, compared to the 20% seen soon after the first visit by Dalle Grave et al [39]. These results can reflect the feasibility of the program.…”

“…In Mexico, the offer, implementation, and coverage of comprehensive evidence-based programs for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of people living with obesity are limited. However, short-term studies have reported that comprehensive programs could prove effective [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Change Program on Insulin Resistance in Yaquis Indigenous Populations in Sonora, Mexico: PREVISY

“…The healthy lifestyle promotion program for Yaquis (PREVISY) [ 30 ] is a program derived from the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) [ 31 , 32 ]. The PREVISY was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program on obesity parameters and metabolic risk factors in the short- and medium-term periods in the Yaqui group.…”