Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health problem worldwide, and the main risk factor for its development is obesity. The Yaqui ethnic group of Sonora has serious obesity problems, resulting in an increased risk of T2D in its inhabitants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program on obesity parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in short- (6 months) and medium-term periods (12 months) in indigenous Yaquis of Sonora. The design is a translational clinical study of a single cohort with prepost intervention measurements in a sample of 93 subjects. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by comparing obesity parameters, metabolic markers, and physical activity 6 and 12 months with those measured under basal conditions using a paired t -test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The short-term retention percentage was 58.0%. There was a decrease in body weight ( Δ = − 3.9   kg , p ≤ 0.05 ) and other obesity parameters, and an increase in physical activity and improvements in metabolic markers ( p ≤ 0.05 ) was observed. Similar findings were obtained for the medium-term period; body weight loss was also -3.9 kg ( p ≤ 0.05 ). The short and medium-term results of the program showed improvements in the obesity parameters and other cardiovascular risk factors of the participants. These results support the effectiveness of the program and its translation in this ethnic group.

Introducción:El incremento acelerado en la prevalencia del cáncer de mama (CaMa) y cáncer cervicouterino (CaCu) así como su elevada mortalidad en México, representan un gran desafío para el sistema de salud mexicano. A pesar de los esfuerzos y las acciones emprendidas para reducir las cifras, el impacto no ha sido el esperado. La evidencia establece que si el cáncer se detecta en estadíos iniciales es curable, tiene un mejor pronóstico, mayores tasas de supervivencia, los tratamientos son más asequibles y pueden administrarse con menos recursos y costos. Por ello la importancia de la prevención y detección temprana de la enfermedad y su tratamiento oportuno, lo cual requiere de una educación para generar conciencia y no solo proporcionar información a las mujeres, así como de garantízar el fácil acceso a servicios de salud de calidad en atención primaria. Objetivo: Presentar una reflexión critica sobre algunas de las razones por las que la detección precoz del cáncer en la mujer se mantiene como uno de los principales desafíos de salud en México. Para ello se plantean algunas ideas reflexivas sobre: el soporte de las políticas públicas a las acciones de atención primaria, la relevancia del nivel de conocimientos en las mujeres respecto a la prevención y detección oportuna de CaMa y CaCu.

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To evaluate the effectiveness of the healthy lifestyle promotion program for Yaquis (PREVISY) on insulin resistance in the short- and medium-term periods in adults who are overweight/obese and have an increased risk for diabetes. Using a translational research design, an intervention program was implemented in a sample of 93 Yaqui adult subjects. The effectiveness of PREVISY was evaluated by comparing the levels of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Triglycerides-Glucose Index (TyG index) at 6 and 12 months using a paired t-test. Results: In the subjects who completed the program, a decrease in the HOMA-IR index (∆ = −0.91 and ∆ = −1.29, p ≤ 0.05) and the TyG index (∆ = −0.24 y ∆ = −0.20, p ≤ 0.05) was observed in the short- and medium-term period, respectively. Subjects with body weight loss ≥ 10% showed decreased levels of HOMA-IR (∆ = −3.32 and ∆ = −4.89, p ≤ 0.05) and the TyG index (∆ = −0.80 and ∆ = −0.60, p ≤ 0.05) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. A stronger benefit of the program was found in subjects with obesity (vs. overweight) and with high and very high risk of diabetes (vs. moderate risk) in IR markers (p ≤ 0.05). The PREVISY program demonstrated its effectiveness in the improvement of some markers of insulin resistance in Yaqui adults at risk of diabetes.

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