Effectiveness of tilmicosin against Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American Foulbrood disease of honeybees

Antibacterial activity of water extracts and essential oils of various aromatic plants against Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood

“…Thus, toxicity studies of the extracts on the honeybee have to be performed. Acute oral toxicity tests (Albo et al, 2003;Reynaldi et al, 2008) and lethal concentration studies (Antúnez et al, 2008) should be considered before the field experiments are performed.…”

“…There is no Maximum Residue Limit of tetracyclines established for honey according to the European Community regulations (Mutinelli, 2003). Nevertheless, tetracycline resistant strains were recently identified in USA, Canada and Argentina (Reynaldi et al, 2008) rising many concerns among the scientific community because of the possibility of their worldwide spreading. Other antibiotics, such as tylosin and lincomycin, have also been successfully used to control AFB, but concerns still remain regarding the emergence of resistant strains or the residues that they may leave in hive products.…”

Prevalence of American foul brood disease of honeybee in north-west Pakistan

“…According to Reynaldi et al, regular contact to effective antibiotics also plays a key role in the AFB disease. [36] After 60 days of inoculation; colonies treated with tilmicosin were found to have no signs of AFB disease while in control colonies visible signs of the disease appeared after 120 days of the antibiotic treatment. [36] However, the use of high concentrations of chemical and autoclaving hive equipment is not feasible for beekeeping practices.…”

“…[36] After 60 days of inoculation; colonies treated with tilmicosin were found to have no signs of AFB disease while in control colonies visible signs of the disease appeared after 120 days of the antibiotic treatment. [36] However, the use of high concentrations of chemical and autoclaving hive equipment is not feasible for beekeeping practices. [37] On the other hand, plantbased antibiotic proved viable and not harmful to the ecological environment.…”

Evaluation of kinetic behaviour of two preparations of tylosin administered in beehives for American foulbrood control

“…The efficacy of several antibiotics such as tylosin, lincomycin (Okayama et al, 1996;Kochanski et al, 2001) or even more recently tilmicosin (Reynaldi et al, 2008) have been tested against OTC-resistant strains (Alippi, 2000;Colter, 2000;Miyagi et al, 2000). Among them, tylosin appeared as an attractive alternative exhibiting both a bactericidal effect and the best in vitro inhibition of P. larvae in terms of the MIC, MBC, and MBC/MIC values (Peng et al, 1996;Alippi et al, 2005;Reynaldi et al, 2010b).…”