Effectiveness of urban transport modes

Abstract

Social expectations in terms of improving the conditions of life in cities whilst increase of mobility poses a difficult challenge for urban transport organizers. At the same time, conditions related to sustainable development policies with scarce resources and available reserves focus attention on transport optimization and reduction of environment harmful impacts. The paper presents an assessment of the efficiency of urban transport in terms of capacity, energy use, CO2 emissions and costs, based on data on European medium cities in traffic conditions - peak (congestion) and off-peak traffic (no congestion). Compared were road vehicles: cars and buses of different propulsion, motorcycles and also rail vehicles: metro, tram/light rail and trains/heavy rail. The results are presented in tables or in graphs. The comparisons make it possible to identify the most efficient, in various scenarios, transport modes and may be helpful in deciding on issues related to the provision and organization of urban transport. In this article, cost evaluation omits external costs (although CO2 emissions are taken into account) but includes fixed and variable costs associated with the use of vehicles (including fuel costs, maintenance, inspections, depreciation, insurance).In the preparation of the article information available in literature, publication and reports, particularly of the European Commission one was used.

Exploring the Effective Modes of Sustainable Urban Mobility for Tier-2 Cities

“…Individual transport modes are crucial during offpeak periods when passenger numbers might not suffice for high public transport occupancy rates. (Pomykala, 2018) Sustainable Urban Mobility Challenges Efficient city function relies on accessibility for both goods and services. However, the push for accessible cities necessitates a shift towards sustainable transportation modes, encouraging diverse modes of transport, including pedestrian pathways.…”

On the Environmental and Social Sustainability of Urban Bus Transport Practices: The EU Case

“…In fact, a recent study made with EU data reveals that the more effective mode of transport will depend on the traffic congestion (peak or off-peak) situations. [7] study different modes of urban transportation -passenger car, motorcycle, bus and rail-on peak and off-peak situations finding that the most effective mode of transport in terms of capacity, cost and environmental performance in peak periods is the public transport. Therefore, there is a clear need for developing transportation policies that encourage the population to use the public transportation system.…”

“…The implication of this is that the pairwise comparison must be verified and repeated by experts. If ≤ 0.1 , then the experts' judgements are considered consistent and the vector of importance rating ( ) can be already generated by applying (7). The calculations were made by expert choice software in this study.…”

Effectiveness of urban transport modes

“…Increasing avalanche mobility concerns cities to a greater extent than rural areas. Inhabitants of European cities already constitute more than 70% of Europeans and, according to forecasts, the number of inhabitants of urban areas by 2030 will exceed 80% of the European population, exacerbating related the problems [2,3]. The congestion, whose cost in European urban areas is valued at EUR 100 trillion, in a particularly negative way in the area of cities affects the functioning of society and the economy [4].…”